Li-ion batteries Supercapacitors Electrical conductivity Chemical vapor deposition Sputtering Microstructure Lithium ion battery DFT DFT calculations FeWO 4 MnO2 Lithium-ion batteries CVD Cyclic voltammetry Electrochemical capacitor Exsolution Interface Silicon FIB/SEM Mercury Electrode material Negative electrode Electrolytes Binder Capacitance Electrochemical Capacitor MXenes Electrode Microbatteries Perovskite Organic battery LiFePO4 Operando Electrochemical capacitors Grafting Fuel cell Manganese dioxide Diazonium Thin films Failure mechanism Transition metals Organic electrode materials SOFC Lithium batteries Impedance spectroscopy Current collector MXene Electrolyte Ionogels Diazonium chemistry Ionogel Micro-supercapacitor Graphite Fermi contact Coating Microdevice Batteries Micro-supercapacitors NMR Graphene Positive electrode Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy Ionic liquid electrolytes Titanium nitride Pseudocapacitance Cycle performance Li-ion battery Intercalation Electrodes Degradation Diazonium salts Nickel oxide Ionic liquid Anode Lithium-ion battery CO2 electrolysis XPS Vanadium nitride Energy storage Activated carbon Electrochemistry Batteries - Li-ion Magnetron sputtering GGA+U Electrochemical performance Ionic conductivity Anodes Supercapacitor Organic batteries Fe Cycling stability Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy EIS Lithium ion batteries Electrochemical electrodes MAS NMR Crystal structure Aqueous electrolyte Lithium battery Electronic structure