I. R. Ball, D. B. Lindenmayer, and H. P. Possingham, A tree hollow dynamics simulation model, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.123, pp.179-194, 1999.

W. Bitterlich, The relascope idea: relative measurements in forestry, vol.242, 1984.

J. Blondel, Bois mort et cavités: leur rôle pour l'avifaune cavicole, Bois mort et à cavités: une clé pour des forêts vivantes, 2005.

A. Bobiec, J. M. Gutowski, and W. F. Audenslayer, The afterlife of the tree, 2005.

K. Bollmann and V. Braunisch, To integrate or to segregate: balancing commodity production and biodiversity conservation in European forests, Integrative approaches as an opportunity for the conservation of forest biodiversity, pp.18-31, 2013.

C. Bouget, L. Larrieu, and A. Brin, Key features for saproxylic biodiversity from rapid habitat assessment in temperate forests, Ecological Indicators, vol.36, pp.656-664, 2014.

C. Bouget, L. Larrieu, G. Parmain, and B. Nusillard, In search of the best local habitat drivers for saproxylic beetle diversity in temperate deciduous forests, Biodiversity and Conservation, vol.22, pp.2111-2130, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02598827

J. S. Clark, Models for ecological data : statistical computation for classical and Bayesian approaches, 2007.

K. Cockle, K. Martin, and G. Robledo, Linking fungi, trees, and hole-using birds in a Neotropical tree-cavity network: Pathways of cavity production and implications for conservation, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.264, pp.210-219, 2012.

B. Courbaud, V. Lafond, G. Lagarrigues, G. Vieilledent, T. Cordonnier et al., Applying ecological model evaludation: lessons learned with the forest dynamics model Samsara2, Ecological Modelling, vol.314, pp.1-14, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01269383

S. Cramp, Handbook of the birds of Europe the Middle East and North Africa. The birds of the Western Paleartic, vol.IV, 1989.

R. Dajoz, Les insectes des forêts. Rôle et diversité des insectes dans le milieu forestier, 2007.

M. J. Denwood, runjags: An R Package Providing Interface Utilities, Model Templates, Parallel Computing Methods and Additional Distributions for MCMC Models in JAGS, Journal of Statistical Software, vol.71, issue.9, pp.1-25, 2016.

K. Fedrowitz, J. Koricheva, S. C. Baker, D. B. Lindenmayer, B. Palik et al., Can retention forestry help conserve biodiversity? A metaanalysis, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.51, issue.6, pp.1669-1679, 2014.

, Version postprint Comment citer ce document

B. Courbaud, C. Pupin, A. Letort, A. Cabanettes, and L. Larrieu, Modelling the probability of microhabitat formation on trees using cross-sectional data, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, vol.8, issue.10, pp.1347-1359, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01607762

J. F. Franklin, K. Cromack, W. Denison, A. Mckee, C. Maser et al., Ecological characteristics of old-growth Douglas-fir forests, 1981.

. Fsc, National Forest Stewardship Standards. Forest Stewardship Council, 2016.

A. E. Gelfand and S. K. Ghosh, Model choice: A minimum posterior predictive loss approach, Biometrika, vol.85, pp.1-11, 1998.

P. Gibbons, C. Mcelhinny, and D. B. Lindenmayer, What strategies are effective for perpetuating structures provided by old trees in harvested forests? A case study on trees with hollows in south-eastern Australia, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.260, pp.975-982, 2010.

M. M. Gossner, A. Floren, W. W. Weisser, and K. E. Linsenmair, Effect of dead wood enrichment in the canopy and on the forest floor on beetle guild composition, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.302, pp.404-413, 2013.

L. Gustafsson, J. Bauhus, J. Kouki, A. Lõhmus, and A. Scverdrup-thygeson, Retention forestry: an integrated approach in practical use, Integrative approaches as an opportunity for the conservation of forest biodiversity, pp.74-81, 2013.

D. W. Hosmer, S. Lemeshow, and S. May, Applied survival analysis. Regression modeling of time-to-event data, 2008.

, Integrative approaches as an opportunity for the conservation of forest biodiversity, 2013.

T. Lachat, C. Bouget, R. Bütler, and J. Müller, Deadwood: quantitative and qualitative requirements for the conservation of saproxylic biodiversity, Integrative approaches as an opportunity for the conservation of forest biodiversity, pp.92-102, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02598979

V. Lafond, T. Cordonnier, and B. Courbaud, Reconciling biodiversity conservation and timber production in uneven-aged mountain forests: identification of ecological intensification pathways, Environmental Management, vol.56, pp.1118-1133, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02601514

V. Lafond, T. Cordonnier, Z. Mao, and B. Courbaud, Trade-offs and synergies between ecosystem services in uneven-aged mountain forests: evidences using Pareto fronts, European journal of Forest Research, p.11, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02162276

V. Lafond, G. Lagarrigues, T. Cordonnier, and B. Courbaud, Uneven-aged management options to promote forest resilience for climate change adaptation: effects of group selection and harvesting intensity, Annals of Forest Science, vol.71, issue.2, pp.173-186, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01098407

L. Larrieu, Data from: Modelling the probability of microhabitat formation on trees using cross-sectional data, Dryad Digital Repository, 2017.

B. Courbaud, C. Pupin, A. Letort, A. Cabanettes, and L. Larrieu, Modelling the probability of microhabitat formation on trees using cross-sectional data, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, vol.8, issue.10, pp.1347-1359, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01607762

L. Larrieu and A. Cabanettes, Species, live status, and diameter are important tree features for diversity and abundance of tree microhabitats in subnatural montane beech-fir forests, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.42, issue.8, pp.1433-1445, 2012.

L. Larrieu, A. Cabanettes, A. Brin, C. Bouget, and M. Deconchat, Tree microhabitats at the stand scale in montane beech-fir forests: practical information for taxa conservation in forestry, European journal of Forest Research, vol.133, issue.2, pp.355-367, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02599567

L. Larrieu, A. Cabanettes, and A. Delarue, Impact of silviculture on dead wood and on the distribution and frequency of tree microhabitats in montane beech-fir forests of the Pyrenees, European journal of Forest Research, vol.131, issue.3, pp.773-786, 2012.

L. Larrieu, A. Cabanettes, P. Gonin, T. Lachat, Y. Paillet et al., Deadwood and tree microhabitat dynamics in unharvested temperate mountain mixed forests: a life cycle approach to biodiversity monitoring, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.334, pp.163-173, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02600229

L. Larrieu and P. Gonin, l'indice de diversité potentielle (IBP): une méthode simple et rapide pour évaluer la biodiversité potentielle des peuplements forestiers, Revue Forestière Française, vol.6, pp.727-748, 2008.

T. B. Larsson, Biodiversity evaluation tools for European forests, Ecological Bulletin, vol.50, 2001.

D. B. Lindenmayer, R. Cunningham, C. Donnelly, M. Tanton, and H. Nix, The abundance and development of cavities in Eucalyptus trees: a case study in the montane forests of Victoria, southeastern Australia, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.60, pp.77-104, 1993.

D. B. Lindenmayer and J. F. Franklin, Conserving forest biodiversity: a comprehensive multiscaled approach, 2002.

D. B. Lindenmayer, J. Wood, L. Mcburney, D. Michael, M. Crane et al., Cross-sectional vs. longitudinal research: a case study of trees with hollows and marsupials in Australian forests, Ecological Monographs, vol.81, issue.4, pp.557-580, 2011.

W. Q. Meeker and L. A. Escobar, Statistical methods for reliability data, 1998.

R. A. Monserud and H. Sterba, Modeling individual tree mortality for Austrian forest species, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.113, pp.109-123, 1999.

J. Müller and R. Bütler, A review of habitat thresholds for dead wood: a baseline for management recommendations in European forests, European journal of Forest Research, vol.129, issue.6, pp.981-992, 2010.

Y. Pan, R. A. Birdsey, O. L. Phillips, and R. B. Jackson, The Structure, Distribution, and Biomass of the World's Forests. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, vol.44, pp.593-622, 2013.

, Version postprint Comment citer ce document

B. Courbaud, C. Pupin, A. Letort, A. Cabanettes, and L. Larrieu, Modelling the probability of microhabitat formation on trees using cross-sectional data, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, vol.8, issue.10, pp.1347-1359, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01607762

, Sustainable Forest Management -Requirements (PEFC ST 1003:2010), PEFC, 2010.

, R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna: R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2005.

M. Rausand and A. Hoyland, System Reliability Theory. Models, Statistical Methods, and Applications, 2004.

B. Regnery, D. Couvet, L. Kubarek, J. F. Julien, and C. Kerbiriou, Tree microhabitats as indicators of bird and bat communities in Mediterranean forests, Ecological Indicators, vol.34, pp.221-230, 2013.

J. Remm, A. Löhmus, and K. Remm, Tree cavities in riverine forests: What determines their occurence and use by hole-nesting passerines?, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.221, issue.1-3, pp.267-277, 2006.

S. Seibold, C. Bassler, R. Brandl, M. M. Gossner, S. Thorn et al., Experimental studies of dead-wood biodiversity -A review identifying global gaps in knowledge, Biological Conservation, vol.191, pp.139-149, 2015.

M. C. Speight, Saproxylic invertebrates and their conservation, 1989.

J. N. Stokland, J. Siitonen, and B. G. Fjonsson, Biodiversity in dead wood, 2012.

J. W. Thomas, R. G. Anderson, C. Maser, and E. E. Bull, Snags. In Wildlife habitats in managed forests: the blue mountains of Oregon and Washington, pp.60-77, 1979.

G. Vieilledent, B. Courbaud, G. Kunstler, and J. F. Dhôte, Mortality of Silver fir and Norway spruce in the western Alps -a semi-parametric approach combining sizedependent and growth-dependent mortality, Annals of Forest Sciences, vol.67, issue.3, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00473182

G. Vieilledent, B. Courbaud, G. Kunstler, J. F. Dhôte, and J. S. Clark, Biases in the estimation of size dependent mortality models: advantages of a semi-parametric approach, Canadian Journal of Forest Research, vol.39, issue.8, pp.1430-1443, 2009.

A. Vuidot, Y. Paillet, F. Archaux, and F. Gosselin, Influence of tree characteristics and forest management on tree microhabitats, Biological Conservation, vol.144, issue.1, pp.441-450, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02595102

S. Winter, J. Höfler, A. K. Michel, A. Böck, and D. P. Ankerst, Association of tree and plot characteristics with microhabitat formation in European beech and Douglas-fir forests, European journal of Forest Research, vol.134, pp.335-347, 2015.

S. Winter and G. C. Möller, Microhabitats in lowland beech forests as monitoring tool for nature conservation, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.255, issue.3-4, pp.1251-1261, 2008.

, Version postprint Comment citer ce document

B. Courbaud, C. Pupin, A. Letort, A. Cabanettes, and L. Larrieu, Modelling the probability of microhabitat formation on trees using cross-sectional data, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, vol.8, issue.10, pp.1347-1359, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01607762