Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 1: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling
Chris Flechard
(1)
,
Andreas Ibrom
(2)
,
Ute Skiba
(3)
,
Wim de Vries
(4)
,
Marcel van Oijen
(3)
,
David Cameron
(5)
,
Nancy Dise
(6)
,
Janne Korhonen
(7)
,
Nina Buchmann
(8)
,
Arnaud Legout
(9)
,
David Simpson
(10)
,
Maria J Sanz
,
Marc Aubinet
(11)
,
Denis Loustau
(12)
,
Leonardo Montagnani
(13)
,
Johan Neirynck
(14)
,
Ivan Janssens
(15)
,
Mari Pihlatie
,
Ralf Kiese
(16)
,
Jan Siemens
(17)
,
Andre-Jean Francez
(18)
,
Jürgen Augustin
,
Andrej Varlagin
,
Janusz Olejnik
(19)
,
Radosław Juszczak
,
Mika Aurela
(20)
,
Daniel Berveiller
(21)
,
Bogdan Chojnicki
(22)
,
Ulrich Dämmgen
(23)
,
Nicolas N. Delpierre
(21)
,
Vesna Djuricic
,
Julia Drewer
(24)
,
Eric Dufrene
(25, 26)
,
Werner Eugster
(27)
,
Yannick Fauvel
(1)
,
David Fowler
(28)
,
Arnoud Frumau
(29)
,
André A. Granier
(30)
,
Patrick Gross
(30)
,
Yannick Hamon
(31)
,
Carole Helfter
(32)
,
Arjan Hensen
,
László Horváth
,
Barbara Kitzler
,
Bart Kruijt
(33)
,
Werner Kutsch
(34)
,
Raquel Lobo-Do-Vale
(35)
,
Annalea Lohila
(36)
,
Bernard Longdoz
(30)
,
Michal Marek
(37)
,
Giorgio Matteucci
(38)
,
Marta Mitosinkova
(39)
,
Virginie Moreaux
(30)
,
Albrecht Neftel
(40)
,
Jean-Marc Ourcival
(41)
,
Kim Pilegaard
(42)
,
Gabriel Pita
(43)
,
Francisco Sanz
,
Jan Schjoerring
(44)
,
Maria-Teresa M.-T. Sebastia
(45)
,
Y. Sim Sim Tang
,
Hilde Uggerud
,
Marek Urbaniak
(46)
,
Netty van Dijk
,
Timo Vesala
(47)
,
Sonja Vidic
,
Caroline Vincke
(48)
,
Tamás Weidinger
,
Sophie Zechmeister-Boltenstern
(49)
,
Klaus Butterbach-Bahl
(16)
,
Eiko Nemitz
(50)
,
Mark A Sutton
(24)
1
SAS -
Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation
2 DTU - Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark
3 CEH - Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh]
4 WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]
5 School of Communication
6 Department of Environmental & Geographical Sciences
7 Department of Physics
8 Institute of Agricultural Sciences [Zürich]
9 BEF - Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers
10 MET - Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo]
11 Agro-BioTech Gembloux
12 Unité de bioclimatologie
13 Servizi Forestali
14 INBO - Research Institute for Nature and Forest
15 Department of Biology
16 IMK-IFU - Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung
17 INRES Bodenwissenschaften
18 ECOBIO - Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes]
19 Department of Meteorology
20 Climate and Global Change Research [Helsinki]
21 ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution
22 Faculty of Environment Engineering and Spatial Management, Department of Meteorology
23 Institute for Agricultural Climate Research
24 Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
25 Bioemco - Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux
26 Observatoire des Abeilles
27 Institute of Plant, Animal and Agroecosystem Sciences
28 CEH - NERC Centre of Ecology and Hydrology
29 UvA - University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] = Universiteit van Amsterdam
30 SILVA - SILVA
31 CIML - Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy
32 Edinburgh Research Station
33 Earth System Science and Climate Change Group
34 MPI-BGC - Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
35 Agronomy Institute
36 Atmospheric Composition Research [Helsinki]
37 Division of Ecosystems Processes Lab. of Plants Ecological Physiology
38 Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol
39 Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute
40 Neftel Research Expertise
41 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
42 Biosystems Division [Roskilde]
43 Mechanical Engineering Department
44 ITU - IT University of Copenhagen
45 Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Global Change (ECOFUN)
46 Department of Meteorology
47 Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki]
48 UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain
49 Institute of Soil Sciences, Vienna
50 Bush Estate
2 DTU - Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark
3 CEH - Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh]
4 WUR - Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen]
5 School of Communication
6 Department of Environmental & Geographical Sciences
7 Department of Physics
8 Institute of Agricultural Sciences [Zürich]
9 BEF - Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers
10 MET - Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo]
11 Agro-BioTech Gembloux
12 Unité de bioclimatologie
13 Servizi Forestali
14 INBO - Research Institute for Nature and Forest
15 Department of Biology
16 IMK-IFU - Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung
17 INRES Bodenwissenschaften
18 ECOBIO - Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes]
19 Department of Meteorology
20 Climate and Global Change Research [Helsinki]
21 ESE - Ecologie Systématique et Evolution
22 Faculty of Environment Engineering and Spatial Management, Department of Meteorology
23 Institute for Agricultural Climate Research
24 Centre for Ecology and Hydrology
25 Bioemco - Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux
26 Observatoire des Abeilles
27 Institute of Plant, Animal and Agroecosystem Sciences
28 CEH - NERC Centre of Ecology and Hydrology
29 UvA - University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] = Universiteit van Amsterdam
30 SILVA - SILVA
31 CIML - Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy
32 Edinburgh Research Station
33 Earth System Science and Climate Change Group
34 MPI-BGC - Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
35 Agronomy Institute
36 Atmospheric Composition Research [Helsinki]
37 Division of Ecosystems Processes Lab. of Plants Ecological Physiology
38 Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol
39 Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute
40 Neftel Research Expertise
41 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
42 Biosystems Division [Roskilde]
43 Mechanical Engineering Department
44 ITU - IT University of Copenhagen
45 Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Global Change (ECOFUN)
46 Department of Meteorology
47 Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki]
48 UCL - Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain
49 Institute of Soil Sciences, Vienna
50 Bush Estate
Chris Flechard
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Andreas Ibrom
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Nina Buchmann
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Arnaud Legout
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Maria J Sanz
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Denis Loustau
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Mari Pihlatie
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Andre-Jean Francez
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Jürgen Augustin
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Andrej Varlagin
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Radosław Juszczak
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Mika Aurela
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Daniel Berveiller
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Vesna Djuricic
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Eric Dufrene
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Yannick Fauvel
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Arjan Hensen
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László Horváth
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Barbara Kitzler
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Bart Kruijt
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Giorgio Matteucci
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- ORCID : 0000-0002-4790-9540
Francisco Sanz
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Y. Sim Sim Tang
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Hilde Uggerud
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Marek Urbaniak
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- ORCID : 0000-0002-1225-9170
Netty van Dijk
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Sonja Vidic
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Tamás Weidinger
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Résumé
The impact of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition on carbon (C) sequestration in soils and biomass of unfertilized, natural, semi-natural and forest ecosystems has been much debated. Many previous results of this dC∕dN response were based on changes in carbon stocks from periodical soil and ecosystem inventories, associated with estimates of Nr deposition obtained from large-scale chemical transport models. This study and a companion paper (Flechard et al., 2020) strive to reduce uncertainties of N effects on C sequestration by linking multi-annual gross and net ecosystem productivity estimates from 40 eddy covariance flux towers across Europe to local measurement-based estimates of dry and wet Nr deposition from a dedicated collocated monitoring network. To identify possible ecological drivers and processes affecting the interplay between C and Nr inputs and losses, these data were also combined with in situ flux measurements of NO, N2O and CH4 fluxes; soil NO−3 leaching sampling; and results of soil incubation experiments for N and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as surveys of available data from online databases and from the literature, together with forest ecosystem (BASFOR) modelling.
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