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                <title xml:lang="en">Analysis of use of insulating pallet covers for shipping heat-sensitive foodstuffs in ambient conditions</title>
                <title xml:lang="fr">Etude numérique et expérimentale sur l'utilisation des housses isolantes pour la protection thermique des produits thermo-sensibles</title>
                <author role="aut">
                  <persName>
                    <forename type="first">Jean</forename>
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                <title level="j">Computers and Electronics in Agriculture</title>
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                  <publisher>Elsevier</publisher>
                  <biblScope unit="volume">34</biblScope>
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                  <biblScope unit="pp">89-109</biblScope>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">CEMAGREF</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">GPAN</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">INAPG</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">PHOENICS</term>
              </keywords>
              <classCode scheme="halDomain" n="sde">Environmental Sciences</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="PALETTE">PALETTE</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="PRODUIT ALIMENTAIRE">PRODUIT ALIMENTAIRE</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="PERFORMANCE">PERFORMANCE</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="MODELE NUMERIQUE">MODELE NUMERIQUE</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="TRANSFERT DE CHALEUR">TRANSFERT DE CHALEUR</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="PALLETS">PALLETS</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="FOODS">FOODS</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="PERFORMANCE">PERFORMANCE</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="NUMERICAL MODEL">NUMERICAL MODEL</classCode>
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              <p>This work reports on the use of insulated pallet covers to provide thermal protection for heat-sensitive foodstuffs, in particular during logistic operations carried out in an uncontrolled temperature atmosphere. The effectiveness of these insulating devices in reducing the rate of temperature changes allows the products to be transported in a semitrailer without refrigeration or to be stored temporarily on unrefrigerated docks. Consequently, logistic operations can be managed with more flexibility. To evaluate the performance of the insulating device, temperature rises within covered pallets were investigated numerically and experimentally. The experiments were carried out on an individual pallet and on a whole load. All experiments were performed in a temperature-controlled test room. A three-dimensional (3-D) finite-volume heat transfer model was developed using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code Phoenics. The model took into account the thermal characteristics of products and insulating covers, the arrangement of the pallets in the vehicle and the external conditions of ambient temperature and solar exposure. The good agreement obtained between experimental and numerical results shows that the model can be used to estimate the average transportation or storage duration for heat-sensitive products under given ambient conditions.</p>
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              <p>Le travail porte sur l'utilisation des housses isolantes pour assurer la protection thermique de palettes de produits thermo-sensibles transportés lors d'opérations logistiques effectuées dans des conditions ambiantes à température non maîtrisée. La réduction des remontées en température apportée par les housses permet d'envisager le transport de ces produits dans une semi-remorque bâchée non munie de groupes frigorifiques ainsi que leur stockage provisoire sur des quais non réfrigérés. Afin d'évaluer les performances thermiques des housses, les évolutions de température au sein des palettes protégées ont été caractérisées numériquement et expérimentalement. Les expériences ont été effectuées sur une palette individuelle et sur un chargement de palettes dans des conditions à température maîtrisée. Une approche tridimensionnelle a été élaborée avec la méthode des volumes finis sur le code Phoenics. Le modèle prend en considération les caractéristiques thermophysiques des produits, des housses, la disposition des palettes, les conditions ambiantes et le flux solaire. Un bon accord a été observé entre les données numériques et expérimentales et montre que le modèle peut être utilisé pour estimer les temps de séjour qu'il convient de respecter lors de transport des produits sensibles dans des conditions ambiantes.</p>
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          <orgName>Génie des procédés frigorifiques</orgName>
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          <date type="start">1991-01-01</date>
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