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                <term xml:lang="fr">FRANCE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">IDF</term>
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                <term xml:lang="fr">AFOCEL</term>
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              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="POPULUS">POPULUS</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="AMELIORATION GENETIQUE">AMELIORATION GENETIQUE</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="PARCELLE EXPERIMENTALE">PARCELLE EXPERIMENTALE</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="RECHERCHE DEVELOPPEMENT">RECHERCHE DEVELOPPEMENT</classCode>
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              <p>Several different poplar experimental networks have been set up in France. They correspond to different scientific and technical needs and they are managed by three research institutes (AFOCEL, CEMAGREF,INRA) and by one institute for vulgarization and technical assitance (IDF). These networks can be considered as tools for the output of new cultivars, results of breeding and selection programmes, and for the evaluation of French and foreign cultivars in various ecological and silvicultural conditions that characterize the main areas of poplar wood production in France. They are complementary as they correspond to various purposes defined for new varieties : pulp, energy, veneer. All these experiments also have to bring to planters the technical informations they need to optimize the choice of genetically improved material which is available. Bilateral collaborations between institutes have been established and developed especially between breeding and testing activities. Private owners, who propose lands for experiments and who bear the connected costs and risks, play a prominent and original part in these poplar networks.</p>
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              <p>Plusieurs réseaux nationaux d'expérimentations populicoles existent en France. Ils correspondent à des besoins scientifiques et techniques différents et sont gérés par trois instituts de recherche (AFOCEL, CEMAGREF, INRA) et un organisme de développement (IDF). Ces réseaux de plantations expérimentales ont pour objectifs, d'une part, la sélection de nouveaux cultivars issus de programmes d'amélioration génétique et de création variétale et, d'autre part, l'évaluation de variétés françaises et étrangères dans les conditions écologiques et sylvicoles très diverses qui caractérisent les principales zones de production populicoles de notre pays. La complémentarité de ces réseaux et des activités qui leur sont liées correspond à la recherche de cultivars répondant à des besoins en produits très distincts, tels que rondins pour pâte à papier ou énergie, grumes pour sciage ou déroulage. Cette complémentarité répond également à la nécessité non seulement de créer de nouvelles variétés, mais également d'apporter aux reboiseurs les informations techniques indispensables à un choix raisonné au sein du matériel végétal disponible. Le rôle des propriétaires privés, qui fournissent la majorité des terrains et supportent les risques liés à toute expérimentation, constitute par ailleurs une caractéristique originale de ces réseaux.</p>
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