Fishing techniques are described. These generally concern large-sized sturgeons, which could be adults or pre-adults, while small-sized juveniles were also fished at sea and in the estuary. The main fishing net used in the Garonne basin was the drift trammel net. Captures at sea by trawling were also reported. Around 100 fishermen were targeting sturgeon in the Garonne basin in the 1950s. In 1945, there were ten active caviar manufacturing sites. Data on landings and caviar production, which really only appeared after World War I in the Garonne basin, are presented and analysed, in order to assess the evolution of landings and caviar production. According to our estimates, with the intensive fishing of juveniles, landings reached 120 t in 1920, with a production of 3,000 kg of caviar. The sharp decrease after World War II up to 1980 is described.