2D numerical modelling of water flow over a gravel bar
Modélisation numérique 2D de l'écoulement sur un banc de galet
Résumé
The paper presents the application of two-dimensional shallow-water numerical model Rubar20 to simulate water flow over a complex topographic configuration in an energetic river. The main aim is to simulate a flushing dam event. The study site is a straight reach of the Arc River, a highly regulated river located in the French Alps. The reach is about 1,5 km long and includes a bar at the left bank side. The model requires as input the river bed topography, initial water surface level, bed roughness and inflow discharge, and predicts the spatial distribution of water surface level, velocity and bed friction. An adopted mesh was designed to well reflect different topographic features, especially secondary and transverse channels, bar margins. A dam flushing event that took part in June 2006 was monitored and simulated. Water surface level, flow velocity and discharge were directly measured on the field. Computational results were compared to field measurements. Simulated water surface levels were compared to monitored data with bubble pipe devices in three locations and shows a good agreement of model predictions where differences was below 20 cm in most cases. Predicted velocities in two cross-sections were also compared with field measurement done by Large-Scale Particle Image Velocimetry (LSPIV) and indicated a possible amelioration of the bed roughness distribution between main channel and gravel bar surface. Overall results agreed with field measurements and convey a good quality analysis of water flow pattern. Topographic boundary condition specification and bed roughness are critical for flow simulations in term of flow pattern and velocity magnitude.