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              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="DIGUE">DIGUE</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="EROSION INTERNE">EROSION INTERNE</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="AUSCULTATION D'OUVRAGE">AUSCULTATION D'OUVRAGE</classCode>
              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="SURETE DES OUVRAGES">SURETE DES OUVRAGES</classCode>
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              <classCode scheme="vocinrae-old" n="INTERNAL EROSION">INTERNAL EROSION</classCode>
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              <p>The aim of Recommendations theme of ERINOH’s French project was to provide three guidelines which gather and capitalize the knowledge gained during these studies. This guide suggests recommendations on reconnaissance and surveillance methods used on dikes and proposes a diagnosis methodology to detect internal erosion on long linear structures. The guide is composed of three parts. The first part is the main text and contains five chapters. Chapter 1 defines the context and stakes of maintenance of earthen dikes, reminds the French 2007 safety regulation demand, clarifies the perimeter and the objectives of the guide and indicates the public preferentially concerned by the guide. Chapter 2 suggests a short description of hydraulic structures (earthen dikes and embankments) preferentially concerned by this guide, e.g. levees and dikes. Internal erosion laws are also reminded in this chapter. Chapter 3 gives a description of material’s properties of dikes and their foundation and quickly reminds soil’s classifications methods. Relationships between physical properties of materials and geophysical measurements are also given in this chapter. Chapter 4 provides an inventory of surveillance and reconnaissance methods able to detect anomalies related to leakage or seepage, gives theirs advantages, disadvantages and limits. In this charter, we also present some new developments which will permit to improve robustness of methods or obtain some quantitative hydraulic data. Chapter 5 defines and develops an efficient diagnosis methodology for assessment of the internal erosion risk on dikes. Some erosion criteria are used to lead to the diagnosis. The second part of the guide gathers technical sheets on geophysical and geotechnical methods commonly used on dikes. The third part gathers technical sheets which synthesize onsite investigations realized during ERINOH’s program.</p>
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              <p>Le thème Recommandations du Projet National ERINOH (ERosion INterne dans les Ouvrages Hydrauliques) avait pour objectif de produire trois guides permettant de capitaliser les connaissances acquises pendant ces recherches. Le présent guide propose des recommandations sur l’emploi des méthodes de reconnaissance et de surveillance des digues et suggère une méthodologie de diagnostic de l’érosion interne pour ces ouvrages à long linéaire. Le guide est composé de trois parties. La première partie, corps de texte principal de ce guide, est structurée en cinq chapitres. Le chapitre 1 introduit le guide. Il cerne le contexte et les enjeux de la maintenance des ouvrages hydrauliques en remblai, notamment des digues, rappelle les exigences de la réglementation de 2007 et précise le contour et les objectifs du guide ainsi que le public visé. Le chapitre 2 propose une description succincte des ouvrages hydrauliques en remblai préférentiellement visés par le guide. Les lois d’érosion interne sont aussi rappelées dans ce chapitre. Le chapitre 3 aborde une description des propriétés des matériaux constituant les digues et leur fondation et rappelle succinctement les procédés de classification des sols. Les relations entre les propriétés physiques des sols et les grandeurs géophysiques mesurées sont aussi données dans ce chapitre. Le chapitre 4 propose un inventaire des méthodes de reconnaissance et de surveillance capables de détecter les anomalies dues aux fuites et précise les avantages, inconvénients et les limites d’emploi. Dans ce chapitre, nous illustrons quelques nouveaux développements qui vont permettre d’améliorer la robustesse des méthodes de détection. Le chapitre 5 développe une méthodologie de reconnaissance et de diagnostic des digues vis-à-vis du risque d’érosion interne. Des critères d’érosion sont exploités pour mener au diagnostic. La seconde partie du guide rassemble des fiches techniques descriptives des méthodes de reconnaissance géophysique et géotechnique. La troisième partie résume, sous la forme de fiches synthétiques, les essais sur sites réalisés pendant le programme ANR ERINOH.</p>
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