Grasslands have numerous benefits, but their land surface area continues to decline. To fully account for the services they provide, it is crucial to use unified representations that span multiple disciplines and scales. Indeed, in addition to supplying forage, grasslands provide a range of agricultural and societal services. Underlying ecological processes take place at the field level (e.g., competition among plants) all the way up to the landscape level (e.g., biotic regulation). They also operate at different temporal scales (from intra-annual for forage production to multi-annual for soil fertility). Services can be distinguished based on the organisational level at which they (and their benefits) are expressed: the field (e.g., carbon sequestration), the farm (e.g., nitrogen release), and the river basin. Services may result from the simple presence of grasslands, or they may depend on grassland composition.