In this study, the role of atmospheric correction algorithm in the prediction of soil organic carbon (SOC) from spaceborne hyperspectral sensor (Hyperion) visible near-infrared (vis-NIR, 400-2500 nm) data was analysed in fields located in two different geographical settings, viz. Karnataka in India and Narrabri in Australia. Atmospheric correction algorithms, (1) ATmospheric CORection (ATCOR), (2) Fast Line-of-sight Atmospheric Analysis of Spectral Hypercubes (FLAASH), (3) 6S, and (4) QUick Atmospheric Correction (QUAC), were employed for retrieving spectral reflectance from radiance image. The results showed that ATCOR corrected spectra coupled with partial least square regression prediction model, produced the best SOC prediction performances, irrespective of the study area. Comparing the results across study areas, Karnataka region gave lower prediction accuracy than Narrabri region. This may be explained due to difference in spatial arrangement of field conditions. A spectral similarity comparison of atmospherically corrected Hyperion spectra of soil samples with field-measured vis-NIR spectra was performed. Among the atmospheric correction algorithms, ATCOR corrected spectra found to capture the pattern in soil reflectance curve near 2200 nm. ATCOR's finer spectral sampling distance in shortwave infrared wavelength region compared to other models may be the main reason for its better performance. This work would open up a great scope for accurate SOC mapping when future hyperspectral missions are realized.