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                <term xml:lang="fr">Bouquetin des Alpes</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">Chèvre</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">vaccin Rev.1</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">expérimentation</term>
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              <p>Rev.1 is a stable live attenuated vaccine, which has significantly contributed to reduce the incidence of brucellosis due to Brucella melitensis in many countries, provided a sufficient coverage of sheep and goat populations was achieved. As regards the control of the brucellosis outbreak in Alpine ibex, an experiment to compare the safety of conjunctival Rev.1 vaccination between domestic goats and Alpine ibex was undertaken in spring 2017. Twenty-four adult animals were included in the study, divided into two batches of 6 males and two batches of 6 non-pregnant females of each species, for a period of 45 or 90 days. The Rev.1 vaccine resulted in a humoral response in all vaccinated animals, with a higher intensity in ibex compared to goats, regardless of age and sex. The risk resulted in the Rev.1 transmission from vaccinated ibex to one control animal. Despite what the genetic proximity between goat and ibex might suggest, the distribution of Rev.1 in organs and the risk of urogenital excretion were much more marked in ibex than in goats, all ages and sexes combined. These results highlight a reduced ability of Alpine ibex to contain the spread, multiplication and excretion of Rev.1 vaccine, suggesting a risk of spread of the vaccine strain in the ibex population. In nature, the uncontrolled diffusion of the vaccine strain may impair surveillance and management of this outbreak, inducing seroconversions of animals, without difference between animals infected from wild and vaccine strains.</p>
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              <p>Rev.1 est un vaccin vivant atténué stable, ayant permis dans de nombreux pays, une réduction significative de l’incidence de la brucellose à Brucella melitensis, à la condition d’une couverture suffisante des populations ovines et caprines. Dans le cadre de la gestion du foyer de brucellose chez les bouquetins du Bargy, une expérimentation visant à comparer l’innocuité du vaccin Rev.1 conjonctival entre la chèvre domestique et le bouquetin des Alpes a été entreprise au printemps 2017. Au total 24 animaux adultes ont été inclus dans l’étude, répartis en deux lots de 6 mâles et deux lots de 6 femelles non gestantes de chaque espèce, puis suivis pendant une période de 45 ou 90 jours. Le vaccin Rev.1 a entraîné une réponse humorale chez tous les animaux vaccinés, avec une intensité supérieure chez les bouquetins. Contrairement à ce que la proximité génétique entre chèvre et bouquetin pouvait laisser penser, la distribution de la souche Rev.1 au sein des organes ainsi que le risque d’excrétion urogénitale ont été beaucoup plus élevés chez le bouquetin que chez la chèvre, tous âges et sexes confondus. Ce risque s’est concrétisé par la transmission de la souche vaccinale de bouquetins vaccinés à un animal témoin non vacciné. Ces travaux mettent en évidence une capacité moindre du bouquetin à contenir la diffusion, la multiplication et l’excrétion du vaccin Rev.1, suggérant un risque plus important de diffusion de cette souche vaccinale chez cette espèce sauvage. En nature, une diffusion non maitrisée de la souche vaccinale pourrait compromettre la surveillance et la gestion du foyer, en induisant des séroconversions impossibles à distinguer entre animaux infectés par les souches sauvage et vaccinale.</p>
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