, of Dermatology and Reference Center for Rare Diseases and Vascular Malformations (MAGEC), p.37044

. Tours, Department of Dermatology and Reference center for genodermatoses and rare skin diseases (MAGEC), vol.9, p.75015

F. Nancy, Consultation Multidisciplinaire Lyonnaise des Angiomes, 69229 Lyon, Cedex 2, France. 14 Department of Neuroradiology, CHRU Tours, 37000 Tours, France. 15 Department of Pediatric Surgery, Rennes, issue.9, p.16

D. Department-of, Pellegrin Children's Hospital, 33076 Bordeaux, France. 17 Department of Dermatology, p.13885

C. 5. Marseille and F. , Angers, France. 19 Reference center for rare skin diseases, vol.69229, p.31059

M. Wassef, F. Blei, D. Adams, A. Alomari, E. Baselga et al., Vascular anomalies classification: recommendations from the International Society for the Study of Vascular Anomalies, Pediatrics, vol.136, pp.203-217, 2015.

T. L. Kennedy, M. Whitaker, P. Pellitteri, and W. E. Wood, Cystic hygroma/lymphangioma: a rational approach to management, Laryngoscope, vol.111, pp.1929-1966, 2001.

R. Smith, Lymphatic malformations, Lymphat Res Biol, vol.2, pp.25-31, 2004.

S. Schulte-merker, S. A. Petrova, and T. V. , Lymphatic vascular morphogenesis in development, physiology, and disease, J Cell Biol, vol.193, pp.607-625, 2011.

J. J. Eliasson, I. Weiss, H. E. Høgevold, N. Oliver, R. Andersen et al., An 8-year population description from a national treatment centre on lymphatic malformations, J Plast Surg Hand Surg, vol.51, pp.280-285, 2017.

M. Acord, A. S. Srinivasan, and A. M. Cahill, Percutaneous treatment of lymphatic malformations, Tech Vasc Interv Radiol, vol.19, pp.305-316, 2016.

V. Erikçi, M. Ho?gör, M. Y?ld?z, Y. Örnek, N. Aksoy et al., Intralesional bleomycin sclerotherapy in childhood lymphangioma, Turk J Pediatr, vol.55, pp.396-400, 2013.

A. M. Defnet, N. Bagrodia, S. L. Hernandez, N. Gwilliam, and J. J. Kandel, Pediatric lymphatic malformations: evolving understanding and therapeutic options, Pediatr Surg Int, vol.32, pp.425-458, 2016.

N. Bagrodia, A. M. Defnet, and J. J. Kandel, Management of lymphatic malformations in children, Curr Opin Pediatr, vol.27, pp.356-63, 2015.

J. Lerat, C. Mounayer, A. Scomparin, S. Orsel, J. Bessede et al., Head and neck lymphatic malformation and treatment: Clinical study of 23 cases, Eur Ann Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Dis, vol.133, pp.393-399, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02438138

Q. Xue, J. A. Nagy, E. J. Manseau, T. L. Phung, H. F. Dvorak et al., Rapamycin inhibition of the Akt/mTOR pathway blocks select stages of VEGF-A164 driven angiogenesis, in part by blocking S6Kinase, Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, vol.29, pp.1172-1180, 2009.

N. Desai, S. Heenan, and P. S. Mortimer, Sirolimus-associated lymphoedema: eight new cases and a proposed mechanism, Br J Dermatol, vol.160, pp.1322-1328, 2009.

B. Kasap, Sirolimus in pediatric renal transplantation, Pediatr Transplant, vol.15, pp.673-85, 2011.

J. E. Strychowsky, R. Rahbar, M. J. O'hare, A. L. Irace, H. Padua et al., Sirolimus as treatment for 19 patients with refractory cervicofacial lymphatic malformation, Laryngoscope, vol.128, pp.269-76, 2018.

M. Wataya-kaneda, A. Nakamura, M. Tanaka, M. Hayashi, S. Matsumoto et al., Efficacy and safety of topical sirolimus therapy for facial angiofibromas in the tuberous sclerosis complex : a randomized clinical trial, JAMA Dermatol, vol.153, pp.39-48, 2017.

M. K. Koenig, C. S. Bell, A. A. Hebert, J. Roberson, J. A. Samuels et al., Efficacy and safety of topical rapamycin in patients with facial angiofibromas secondary to tuberous sclerosis complex: the TREATMENT randomized clinical trial, JAMA Dermatol, vol.154, pp.773-80, 2018.

E. Çal??kan, C. T. Altunel, C. K. Özkan, and M. Tunca, A case of microcystic lymphatic malformation successfully treated with topical sirolimus, Dermatol Ther, vol.31, p.12673, 2018.

M. Ivars and P. Redondo, Efficacy of topical sirolimus (rapamycin) for the treatment of microcystic lymphatic malformations, JAMA Dermatol, vol.153, pp.103-108, 2017.

P. García-montero, J. Del-boz, E. Baselga-torres, J. M. Azaña-defez, A. Vera et al., Use of topical rapamycin in the treatment of superficial lymphatic malformations, J Am Acad Dermatol, vol.80, pp.508-523, 2019.

S. Leducq, S. Vrignaud, L. G. Herbreteau, D. Dubée, V. Martin et al., Topical rapamycin (sirolimus) for treatment of cutaneous microcystic lymphatic malformation of the gluteal area, Eur J Dermatol, vol.29, pp.82-85, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02619966

P. Zaballos, L. J. Del-pozo, G. Argenziano, I. K. Karaarslan, C. Landi et al., Dermoscopy of lymphangioma circumscriptum: A morphological study of 45 cases, Australas J Dermatol, vol.59, pp.189-93, 2018.

A. K. Jha, A. Lallas, and S. Sonthalia, Dermoscopy of cutaneous lymphangioma circumscriptum, Dermatol Pract Concept, vol.7, pp.37-45, 2017.

G. Bouguéon, F. Lagarce, L. Martin, H. Pailhories, G. Bastiat et al., Formulation and characterization of a 0.1% rapamycin cream for the treatment of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex-related angiofibromas, Int J Pharm, vol.509, pp.279-84, 2016.

C. C. Long and A. Y. Finlay, The finger-tip unit--a new practical measure, Clin Exp Dermatol, vol.16, pp.444-451, 1991.

K. Breuer, M. Braeutigam, A. Kapp, and T. Werfel, Influence of pimecrolimus cream 1% on different morphological signs of eczema in infants with atopic dermatitis, Dermatology (Basel), vol.209, pp.314-334, 2004.

J. Garduno, M. J. Bhosle, R. Balkrishnan, and S. R. Feldman, Measures used in specifying psoriasis lesion(s), global disease and quality of life: a systematic review, J Dermatolog Treat, vol.18, pp.223-265, 2007.

M. Nadal, B. Giraudeau, E. Tavernier, J. , L. G. Maruani et al., Efficacy and safety of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in vascular anomalies: a systematic review, Acta Derm Venereol, vol.96, pp.448-52, 2016.

S. Leducq, B. Giraudeau, E. Tavernier, and A. Maruani, Topical use of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors in dermatology: a systematic review with meta-analysis, J Am Acad Dermatol, vol.80, pp.735-777, 2019.

M. Tanaka, M. Wataya-kaneda, A. Nakamura, S. Matsumoto, and I. Katayama, First left-right comparative study of topical rapamycin vs. vehicle for facial angiofibromas in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex, Br J Dermatol, vol.169, pp.1314-1322, 2013.

P. Mura, M. T. Faucci, G. Bramanti, and P. Corti, Evaluation of transcutol as a clonazepam transdermal permeation enhancer from hydrophilic gel formulations, Eur J Pharm, vol.9, pp.365-72, 2000.

, Publisher's Note

, Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations