C. Carenzi and M. Verga, Animal welfare: Review of the scientific concept and definition, Ital. J. Anim. Sci, vol.8, pp.21-30, 2016.

S. Donaldson and W. Kymlicka, Zoopolis: A Political Theory of Animal Rights, 2011.

D. M. Broom, Animal welfare: Concepts and measurement, J. Anim. Sci, vol.69, pp.4167-4175, 1991.

D. M. Broom, Coping, stress and welfare, Proceedings of the Dahlem Conference on Coping with Challenge: Welfare in Animals including Humans, pp.1-9, 2000.

P. Mormede, L. Boisseau-sowinski, J. Chiron, C. Diederich, J. Eddison et al., Animal welfare: Context, definition, evaluation, INRA Prod. Anim, vol.31, pp.145-162, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02628309

, Farm Animal Welfare Committee (FAWC). FAWC updates the five freedoms, Vet. Rec, vol.17, p.357, 1992.

R. Botreau, I. Veissier, A. Butterworth, M. B. Bracke, and L. J. Keeling, Definition of criteria for overall assessment of animal welfare, Anim. Welf, vol.16, pp.225-228, 2007.

M. S. Dawkins, From an animal's point of view: Motivation, fitness, and animal welfare, Behav. Brain Sci, vol.13, pp.1-9, 1990.

G. R. Dellmeier, Motivation in relation to the welfare of enclosed livestock, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.22, pp.129-138, 1989.

D. J. Mellor, Operational details of the five domains model and its key applications to the assessment and management of animal welfare, vol.7, p.60, 2017.

F. E. Budiño, R. F. Vieira, S. P. Mello, and K. M. Duarte, Behavior and performance of sows fed different levels of fiber and reared in individual cages or collective pens, An. Acad. Bras. Cienc, vol.86, pp.2109-2119, 2014.

L. K. Babu, H. N. Pandey, and A. Sahoo, Effect of individual versus group rearing on ethological and physiological responses of crossbred calves, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.87, pp.177-191, 2004.

I. Y. Yurtman, T. Savas, F. Karaagac, and L. Coskuntuna, Effects of daily protein intake levels on the oral stereotypic behaviours in energy restricted lambs, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.77, pp.77-88, 2002.

G. J. Mason, Stereotypies: A critical review, Anim. Behav, vol.41, pp.1015-1037, 1991.

G. J. Mason and N. R. Latham, Can't stop, won't stop: Is stereotypy a reliable animal welfare indicator?, Anim. Welf, vol.13, pp.57-69, 2004.

C. L. Wickens and C. R. Heleski, Crib-biting behavior in horses: A review, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.128, pp.1-9, 2010.

S. Ninomiya, S. Sato, and K. Sugawara, Weaving in stabled horses and its relationship to other behavioural traits, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.106, pp.134-143, 2007.

A. Sarrafchi and H. J. Blokhuis, Equine stereotypic behaviors: Causation, occurrence, and prevention, J. Vet. Behav. Clin. Appl. Res, vol.8, pp.386-394, 2013.

S. Waiblinger, X. Boivin, V. Pedersen, M. V. Tosi, A. M. Janczak et al., Assessing the human-animal relationship in farmed species: A critical review, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.101, pp.185-242, 2006.

K. Ellingsen, G. J. Coleman, V. Lund, and C. M. Mejdell, Using qualitative behaviour assessment to explore the link between stockperson behaviour and dairy calf behaviour, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.153, pp.10-17, 2014.

C. Fureix, H. Menguy, and M. Hausberger, Partners with bad temper: Reject or cure? a study of chronic pain and aggression in horses, PLoS ONE, vol.5, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01019967

S. Popescu and E. A. Diugan, The Relationship between Behavioral and other Welfare Indicators of Working Horses, J. Equine Vet. Sci, vol.33, pp.1-12, 2013.

K. E. Thomas, J. L. Annest, J. Gilchrist, and D. M. Bixby-hammett, Non-fatal horse related injuries treated in emergency departments in the United States, Br. J. Sports Med, vol.40, pp.619-626, 2006.

D. B. Haley, J. Rushen, and A. M. De-passillé, Behavioural indicators of cow comfort: Activity and resting behaviour of dairy cows in two types of housing. Can, J. Anim. Sci, vol.80, pp.257-263, 2010.

C. C. Burn, T. L. Dennison, and H. R. Whay, Relationships between behaviour and health in working horses, donkeys, and mules in developing countries, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.126, pp.109-118, 2010.

S. Popescu, C. Borda, E. A. Diugan, C. El-mahdy, M. Spinu et al., Human Related Indifference as a Working Horse Welfare Indicator, Bull. Univ. Agric. Sci. Vet. Med, vol.71, pp.174-181, 2014.

C. Fureix, P. Jego, S. Henry, L. Lansade, and M. Hausberger, Towards an ethological animal model of depression? A study on horses, PLoS ONE, vol.7, p.39289, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01020448

C. Fureix, C. Beaulieu, S. Argaud, C. Rochais, M. Quinton et al., Investigating anhedonia in a non-conventional species: Do some riding horses Equus caballus display symptoms of depression?, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.162, pp.26-36, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01101485

D. J. Bristow and D. S. Holmes, Cortisol levels and anxiety-related behaviors in cattle, Physiol. Behav, vol.90, pp.626-628, 2007.

C. Lee, E. Verbeek, R. Doyle, and M. Bateson, Attention bias to threat indicates anxiety differences in sheep, Biol. Lett, vol.12, 2016.

J. I. Ransom and B. S. Cade, Standing Attentive. In Quantifying Equid Behavior-A Research Ethogram for Free-Roaming Feral Horses, U.S. Geological Survey, vol.2, p.8, 2009.

T. Young, E. Creighton, T. Smith, and C. Hosie, A novel scale of behavioural indicators of stress for use with domestic horses, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.140, pp.33-43, 2012.

A. R. Salomons, S. S. Arndt, and F. Ohl, Anxiety in relation to animal environment and welfare, Scand. J. Lab. Anim. Sci, vol.36, pp.37-45, 2009.

S. Normando, L. Meers, W. E. Samuels, M. Faustini, and F. O. Ödberg, Variables affecting the prevalence of behavioural problems in horses. Can riding style and other management factors be significant? Appl, Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.133, pp.186-198, 2011.

A. J. Waters, C. J. Nicol, and N. P. French, Factors influencing the development of stereotypic and redirected behaviours in young horses: Findings of a four year prospective epidemiological study, Equine Vet. J, vol.34, pp.572-579, 2002.

E. K. Visser, A. D. Ellis, and C. G. Van-reenen, The effect of two different housing conditions on the welfare of young horses stabled for the first time, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.114, pp.521-533, 2008.

I. Bachmann, L. Audigé, and M. Stauffacher, Risk factors associated with behavioural disorders of crib-biting, weaving and box-walking in Swiss horses, Equine Vet. J, vol.35, pp.158-163, 2003.

C. Lesimple, A. Poissonnet, and M. Hausberger, How to keep your horse safe? An epidemiological study about management practices, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.181, pp.105-114, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01332171

E. Søndergaard and J. Ladewig, Group housing exerts a positive effect on the behaviour of young horses during training, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.87, pp.105-118, 2004.

S. Karlsson, Impact of Housing on the Behaviour and Welfare of Riding School Horses

, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2017.

C. Rochais, S. Henry, C. Fureix, and M. Hausberger, Investigating attentional processes in depressive-like domestic horses (Equus caballus), Behav. Process, vol.124, pp.93-96, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01255832

G. O. Pessoa, P. Trigo, F. D. Mesquita-neto, A. C. Lacreta-junior, T. M. Sousa et al., Comparative well-being of horses kept under total or partial confinement prior to employment for mounted patrols, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.184, pp.51-58, 2016.

J. Hockenhull and E. Creighton, The day-to-day management of UK leisure horses and the prevalence of owner-reported stable-related and handling behaviour problems, Anim. Welf, vol.24, pp.29-36, 2015.

J. W. Hotchkiss, S. W. Reid, and R. M. Christley, A survey of horse owners in Great Britain regarding horses in their care. Part 1: Horse demographic characteristics and management, Equine Vet. J, vol.39, pp.294-300, 2007.

A. Larsson and C. E. Müller, Owner reported management, feeding and nutrition-related health problems in Arabian horses in Sweden, Livest. Sci, vol.215, pp.30-40, 2018.

D. P. Leme, A. B. Parsekian, V. Kanaan, and M. J. Hötzel, Management, health, and abnormal behaviors of horses: A survey in small equestrian centers in Brazil, J. Vet. Behav. Clin. Appl. Res, vol.9, pp.114-118, 2014.

D. Goodwin, The importance of ethology in understanding the behaviour of the horse, Equine Vet. J. Suppl, vol.28, pp.15-19, 1999.

E. Hartmann, E. Søndergaard, and L. J. Keeling, Keeping horses in groups: A review, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.136, pp.77-87, 2012.

J. L. Christie, C. J. Hewson, C. B. Riley, M. A. Mcniven, I. R. Dohoo et al., Management factors affecting stereotypies and body condition score in nonracing horses in Prince Edward Island, Can. Vet. J, vol.47, pp.136-143, 2006.

A. Kwiatkowska-stenzel, J. Sowi?ska, and D. Witkowska, The Effect of Different Bedding Materials Used in Stable on Horses Behavior, J. Equine Vet. Sci, vol.42, pp.57-66, 2016.

I. D. Mcgreevy, P. J. Cripps, N. P. French, L. E. Green, and C. J. Nicol, Management factors associated with stereotypic and redirected behaviour in the Thoroughbred horse, Equine Vet. J, vol.27, pp.86-91, 1995.

T. Tadich, J. P. Smulders, O. Araya, and C. J. Nicol, Husbandry practices associated with the presentation of abnormal behaviours in Chilean Creole horses, Arch. Med. Vet, vol.44, pp.279-284, 2012.

A. Ruet, J. Lemarchand, C. Parias, N. Mach, M. Moisan et al., Horses welfare: A joint assessment of four categories of behavioural indicators using the AWIN protocol, scan sampling and survey, Anim. Welf, 2019.

C. Lesimple and M. Hausberger, How accurate are we at assessing others' well-being? The example of welfare assessment in horses, Front. Psychol, vol.5, pp.1-6, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01021468

J. Altmann, Observational Study of Behavior: Sampling, Behaviour, vol.49, pp.227-267, 1974.

K. Houpt, T. R. Houpt, J. L. Johnson, H. N. Erb, and S. C. Yeon, The effect of exercise deprivation on the behaviour and physiology of straight stall confined pregnant mares, Anim. Welf, vol.10, pp.257-267, 2001.

C. Fureix, A. Gorecka-bruzda, E. Gautier, and M. Hausberger, Cooccurrence of Yawning and Stereotypic Behaviour in Horses (Equus caballus). ISRN Zool, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01022545

C. R. Heleski, A. C. Shelle, B. D. Nielsen, and A. J. Zanella, Influence of housing on weanling horse behavior and subsequent welfare, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.78, pp.291-302, 2002.

L. Lansade, M. Valenchon, A. Foury, C. Neveux, S. W. Cole et al., Moisan Behavioral and transcriptomic fingerprints of an enriched environment in horses

, PLoS ONE, vol.9, 2014.

L. Lansade, A. Foury, F. Reigner, M. Vidament, E. Guettier et al., Progressive habituation to separation alleviates the negative effects of weaning in the mother and foal, Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol.97, pp.59-68, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02623405

S. G. Luke, Evaluating significance in linear mixed-effects models in R, Behav. Res. Methods, vol.49, pp.1494-1502, 2017.

B. M. Bolker, M. E. Brooks, C. J. Clark, S. W. Geange, J. R. Poulsen et al., Generalized linear mixed models: A practical guide for ecology and evolution, Trends Ecol. Evol, pp.127-135, 2008.

S. Ninomiya, R. Kusunose, Y. Obara, and S. Sato, Effect of an open window and conspecifics within view on the welfare of stabled horses, estimated on the basis of positive and negative behavioural indicators, Anim. Welf, vol.17, pp.351-354, 2008.

J. Hockenhull and E. Creighton, Pre-feeding behaviour in UK leisure horses and associated feeding routine risk factors, Anim. Welf, vol.23, pp.297-308, 2014.

H. Werhahn, E. F. Hessel, I. Bachhausen, and H. F. Van-den-weghe, Effects of different bedding materials on the behavior of horses housed in single stalls, J. Equine Vet. Sci, vol.30, pp.425-431, 2010.

L. Greening, V. Shenton, K. Wilcockson, and J. Swanson, Investigating duration of nocturnal ingestive and sleep behaviors of horses bedded on straw versus shavings, J. Vet. Behav. Clin. Appl. Res, vol.8, pp.82-86, 2013.

J. R. Köster, G. Hoffmann, K. Feige, P. Kreimeier, J. Köster et al., Lying behaviour of horses depending on the bedding material in individual housing in boxes with or without adjacent pen. Pferdeheilkd, vol.33, pp.43-51, 2017.

G. R. Pedersen, E. Søndergaard, and J. Ladewig, The influence of bedding on the time horses spend recumbent, J. Equine Vet. Sci, vol.24, pp.153-158, 2004.

G. Faerevik, I. L. Andersen, and K. E. Bøe, Preferences of sheep for different types of pen flooring, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.90, pp.265-276, 2005.

M. Marcet-rius, G. Kalonji, A. Cozzi, C. Bienboire-frosini, P. Monneret et al., Effects of straw provision, as environmental enrichment, on behavioural indicators of welfare and emotions in pigs reared in an experimental system, Livest. Sci, vol.221, pp.89-94, 2019.

F. A. Tuyttens, The importance of straw for pig and cattle welfare: A review, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.92, pp.261-282, 2005.

I. Redbo, P. Redbo-torstensson, F. O. Ödberg, A. Hedendahl, and J. Holm, Factors affecting behavioural disturbances in race-horses, Anim. Sci, vol.66, pp.475-481, 1998.

H. A. Clegg, P. Buckley, M. A. Friend, and P. D. Mcgreevy, The ethological and physiological characteristics of cribbing and weaving horses, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.109, pp.68-76, 2008.

D. S. Mills and K. Davenport, The effect of a neighbouring conspecific versus the use of a mirror for the control of stereotypic weaving behaviour in the stabled horse, Anim. Sci, vol.74, pp.95-101, 2002.

J. J. Cooper, N. Mcall, S. Johnson, and H. P. Davidson, The short-term effects of increasing meal frequency on stereotypic behaviour of stabled horses, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.90, pp.351-364, 2005.

S. J. Chaplin and L. Gretgrix, Effect of housing conditions on activity and lying behaviour of horses, Animal, vol.4, pp.792-795, 2010.

J. W. Christensen, T. Zharkikh, J. Ladewig, and N. Yasinetskaya, Social behaviour in stallion groups (Equus przewalskii and Equus caballus) kept under natural and domestic conditions, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.76, pp.11-20, 2002.

S. Löckener, S. Reese, M. Erhard, and A. C. Wöhr, Pasturing in herds after housing in horseboxes induces a positive cognitive bias in horses, J. Vet. Behav. Clin. Appl. Res, vol.11, pp.50-55, 2016.

J. Topczewska, An attempt to assess the welfare of horses maintained in herd systems, Arch. Anim. Breed, vol.57, pp.1-9, 2018.

P. Baragli, E. Paoletti, S. Pacchini, F. Martelli, and C. Sighieri, Influence of environmental enrichment framework on the behaviour of stabled horses, Ippologia, vol.20, pp.23-33, 2009.

J. E. Warnick, C. J. Huang, E. O. Acevedo, and K. J. Sufka, Modelling the anxiety-depression continuum in chicks, J. Psychopharmacol, vol.23, pp.143-156, 2009.

R. Dantzer, S. Cohen, S. J. Russo, and T. G. Dinan, Resilience and immunity, Brain. Behav. Immun, vol.74, pp.28-42, 2018.

M. Zhang, X. Li, X. Zhang, H. Liu, J. Li et al., Effects of confinement duration and parity on stereotypic behavioral and physiological responses of pregnant sows, Physiol. Behav, vol.179, pp.369-376, 2017.

C. Rochais, S. Henry, and M. Hausberger, Hay-bags" and "Slow feeders": Testing their impact on horse behaviour and welfare, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.198, pp.52-59, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01609091

A. Zollinger, C. Wyss, D. Bardou, A. Ramseyer, and I. Bachmann, The 'social box' offers stallions the possibility to have increased social interactions, © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, vol.15, 2016.