J. Amosse, S. Bart, A. Pery, and C. Pelosi, Short-term effects of two fungicides on 516 enchytraeid and earthworm communities under field conditions, Ecotoxicology, vol.27, issue.3, p.300, 2018.

R. Ashauer and T. Jager, Physiological modes of action across species and toxicants: the key 519 to predictive ecotoxicology, Environ Sci-Process Impacts, vol.20, pp.48-57, 2018.

S. Bart, C. Laurent, A. Péry, C. Mougin, and C. Pelosi, Differences in sensitivity between 521 earthworms and enchytraeids exposed to two commercial fungicides, Ecotoxicol Environ, vol.522, pp.177-184, 2017.

S. Bart, J. Amossé, C. N. Lowe, A. Péry, C. Mougin et al., Aporrectodea caliginosa, 524 a relevant earthworm species for a posteriori pesticide risk assessment: Current knowledge 525 and recommendations for culture and experimental design, Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, vol.25, pp.526-33867, 2018.

S. Bart, C. Pelosi, A. Barraud, A. Péry, N. Cheviron et al., Earthworms Mitigate Pesticide Effects on Soil Microbial Activities. Front. 529 Microbiol, vol.528, p.1535, 2019.

S. Bart, A. Barraud, J. Amosse, A. Pery, C. Mougin et al., Effects of two common 531 fungicides on the reproduction of Aporrectodea caliginosa in natural soil, Environ Saf, vol.532, pp.518-524, 2019.

R. Beaudouin, B. Goussen, B. Piccini, S. Augustine, J. Devillers et al., An 534 individual-based model of zebrafish population dynamics accounting for energy dynamics, PLoS One, vol.535, 2015.

M. Bertrand, S. Barot, M. Blouin, J. Whalen, T. De-oliveira et al., Earthworm 537 services for cropping systems. A review, Agron Sustain Dev, vol.35, pp.553-567, 2015.

M. B. Bouché, Strategies lombriciennes. Ecological Bulletins, issue.25, pp.122-132, 1977.

M. Blouin, M. E. Hodson, E. A. Delgado, G. Baker, L. Brussaard et al., , p.540

G. Peres, J. E. Tondoh, D. Cluzeau, and J. J. Brun, A review of earthworm impact on soil 541 function and ecosystem services, Eur J Soil Sci, vol.64, pp.161-182, 2013.

U. Bostrom and A. Lofs-holmin, Growth of earthworms (Allolobophora-caliginosa) fed 543 shoots and roots of barley, meadow fescue and lucerne studies in relation to particle-size, 544 protein, crude fiber content and toxicity, Pedobiologia, vol.29, issue.1, pp.1-12, 1986.

M. B. Bouché, Lombriciens de France, Ecologie et Systématique. INRA Ann. Zool. Ecol, 1972.

V. David, J. S. Tebby, C. Porcher, J. Beaudouin, and R. , Modelling population 548 dynamics in mesocosms using an individual-based model coupled to a bioenergetics model, 2019.

, Ecol Model, vol.398, pp.55-66

T. Decaëns, P. Margerie, R. J. Bureau, F. , A. M. Hedde et al., Niche overlap and 551 species assemblage dynamics in an ageing pasture gradient in north-western France, Oecol, vol.552, issue.3, pp.212-219, 2011.

D. Silva, P. Pathiratne, A. Van-gestel, and C. , Influence of temperature and soil type 554 on the toxicity of three pesticides to Eisenia andrei, Chemosphere, vol.76, pp.1410-1415, 2009.

C. A. Edwards and P. J. Bohlen, Biology and ecology of earthworms, 1996.

. Hall, , 1996.

C. A. Edwards, Earthworm Ecology, 2004.

B. Efron, Bootstrap methods: another look at the jacckknife. The annals of statitics, vol.7, 1979.

N. S. Eriksen-hamel and J. K. Whalen, Growth rates of Aporrectodea caliginosa (Oligochaetae 561 : Lumbricidae) as influenced by soil temperature and moisture in disturbed and undisturbed 562 soil columns, Pedobiologia, vol.50, pp.207-215, 2006.

R. Fernández, A. Almodóvar, M. Novo, B. Simancas, and D. Cosín, Adding complexity to 564 the complex: new insights into the phylogeny, diversification and origin of parthenogenesis 565 in the Aporrectodea caliginosa species complex (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae), Phylogenet Evol, vol.566, pp.368-379, 2012.

M. Garcia, J. Rombke, M. T. De-brito, and A. Scheffczyk, Effects of three pesticides on the 568 avoidance behavior of earthworms in laboratory tests performed under temperate and 569 tropical conditions, Environ Pollut, vol.153, pp.450-456, 2008.

B. Goussen, R. Beaudouin, M. Dutilleul, A. Buisset-goussen, J. M. Bonzom et al., , p.571, 2015.

, Energy-based modelling to assess effects of chemicals on Caenorhabditis elegans: a case 572 study on uranium, Chemosphere, vol.120, pp.507-521

P. Hobbelen and C. Van-gestel, Using dynamic energy budget modeling to predict the 574 influence of temperature and food density on the effect of Cu on earthworm mediated litter 575 consumption, Ecological Modelling, vol.202, pp.373-384, 2007.

M. Holmstrup, I. K. Ostergaard, A. Nielsen, and B. T. Hansen, The relationship between 577 temperature and cocoon incubation-time for some lumbricoid earthworm species, 1991.

, Pedobiologia, vol.35, issue.3, pp.179-184

T. Jager and C. Klok, Extrapolating toxic effects on individuals to the population level: the 580 role of dynamic energy budgets, Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, vol.365, pp.3531-3571, 2010.

T. Jager, M. Bt, and E. I. Zimmer, DEBkiss or the quest for the simplest generic model 582 of animal life history, Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol.328, pp.9-18, 2013.

T. Jager, S. A. Reinecke, and A. J. Reinecke, Using process-based modelling to analyse 584 earthworm life cycles, Soil Biol Biochem, vol.38, pp.1-6, 2006.

A. Johnston, M. Holmstrup, M. E. Hodson, P. Thorbek, T. Alvarez et al., Earthworm 586 distribution and abundance predicted by a process-based model, Applied Soil Ecology, vol.84, pp.587-112, 2014.

C. G. Jones, J. H. Lawton, and M. Shachak, Organisms as ecosystem engineers, Oikos, vol.69, issue.3, 1994.

G. Klobucar, A. Stambuk, M. Srut, I. Husnjak, M. Merkas et al., , p.591, 2011.

, Aporrectodea caliginosa, a suitable earthworm species for field based genotoxicity 592 assessment?, Environ Pollut, vol.159, pp.841-849

C. Klok, Gaining Insight in the Interaction of Zinc and Population Density with a 594, 2008.

, Combined Dynamic Energy Budget and Population Model. Environ Sci Technol, vol.42, p.8803

S. Kooijman, Energy budgets can explain body size relations, J. Theor. Biol, vol.121, pp.269-282, 1986.

S. Kooijman, Dynamic energy and mass budgets in biological systems, p.599, 2000.

S. Kooijman, Dynamic Energy Budget theory for metabolic organization, 2010.

S. Kooijman and J. Bedaux, The Analysis of Aquatic Toxicity Data, p.603, 1996.

P. Lavelle and A. V. Spain, Soil ecology, 2001.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/bioemco-00455666

A. Lofs-holmin, Measuring cocoon production of the earthworm allolobophora-606 caliginosa (Sav) as a method of testing sublethal toxicity of pesticides -an experiment with 607 benomyl, Swed J Agric Res, vol.12, issue.3, pp.117-119, 1982.

C. N. Lowe and K. R. Butt, Culture techniques for soil dwelling earthworms: A review, 2005.

, Pedobiologia, vol.49, issue.5, pp.401-413

C. N. Lowe and K. R. Butt, Earthworm culture, maintenance and species selection in chronic 611 ecotoxicological studies: a critical review, Eur J Soil Biol, vol.43, pp.281-288, 2007.

R. H. Macarthur and E. Wilson, The Theory of Island Biogeography, p.613, 1967.

N. J. Princeton,

P. Moreau-valancogne, M. Bertrand, M. Holmstrup, and J. Roger-estrade, Integration of 615 thermal time and hydrotime models to describe the development and growth of temperate 616 earthworms, Soil Biol Biochem, vol.63, pp.50-60, 2013.

, Guideline for the testing of chemicals.No. 207.Earthworm, acute toxicity 618 tests, OECD, vol.207, 1984.

C. Palm, H. Blanco-canqui, F. Declerck, L. Gatere, and P. Grace, Conservation agriculture and 620 ecosystem services: An overview, Agric Ecosyst Environ, vol.187, pp.87-105, 2014.

M. G. Paoletti, The role of earthworms for assessment of sustainability and as 622 bioindicators, Agric Ecosyst Environ, vol.74, pp.133-155, 1999.

C. Pelosi, S. Joimel, and D. Makowski, Searching for a more sensitive earthworm species to 624 be used in pesticide homologation tests -a meta-analysis, Chemosphere, vol.90, pp.895-900, 2013.

M. Perez-losada, M. Ricoy, J. C. Marshall, and J. Dominguez, Phylogenetic assessment of the 626 earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa species complex (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae) based on 627 mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences, Mol Phylogenet Evol, vol.52, issue.2, pp.293-302, 2009.

A. Péry, P. Flammarion, B. Vollat, J. Bedaux, S. Kooijman et al., Using a 629 biology-based model (DEBtox) to analyze bioassays in ecotoxicology : Opportunities and 630 recommendations, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol.21, issue.2, pp.459-465, 2002.

A. Péry, R. Mons, P. Flammarion, L. Lagadic, and J. Garric, A modelling approach to link 632 food availability, growth, emergence, and reproduction for the midge Chironomus riparius, 2002.

, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol.21, issue.11, pp.2507-2513

A. Péry, V. Ducrot, R. Mons, and J. Garric, Modeling toxicity and mode of action of 635 chemicals to analyse growth and emergence tests with the midge Chironomus riparius, 2003.

, Aquatic Toxicology, vol.65, pp.281-292

A. Pery, R. Mons, and J. Garric, Modelling of the life cycle of Chironomus species using 638 an energy-based model, Chemosphere, vol.59, pp.247-53, 2005.

A. Rico, C. Sabater, and M. A. Castillo, Lethal and sub-lethal effects of five pesticides used in 640 rice farming on the earthworm Eisenia fetida, Ecotoxicol environ saf, vol.127, pp.222-231, 2016.

J. E. Satchell, R worms and K worms: a basis for classifying lumbricid earthworm 642 strategies, Soil Biology as, 1980.

, Proceedings of the Seventh International Colloquium of Soil Zoology. EPA, p.644

. Dc, , pp.848-854

C. A. Schneider, W. S. Rasband, and K. W. Eliceiri, NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image 646 analysis, Nat Methods, vol.9, pp.671-675, 2012.

R. W. Sims and B. M. Gerard, Earthworms. Earthworms: keys and notes for the identification 648 and study of the species. Synopses of the British fauna. New series; 31. Shrewsbury: Field 649 Studies Council, p.169, 1999.

K. Soetaert, T. Petzoldt, and R. W. Setzer, Solving Differential Equations in R: Package 651 deSolve, Journal of Statistical Software, vol.33, issue.9, pp.1-25, 2010.

D. J. Spurgeon, C. Svendsen, V. R. Rimmer, S. P. Hopkin, and J. M. Weeks, Relative sensitivity of 654 life-cycle and biomarker responses in four earthworm species exposed to zinc, p.655, 2000.

, Toxicol Chem, vol.19, issue.7, pp.1800-1808

D. J. Spurgeon, J. M. Weeks, and C. Van-gestel, A summary of eleven years progress in 657 earthworm ecotoxicology, Pedobiologia, vol.47, pp.588-606, 2003.

C. Schrader, S. Arpaia, and S. , Selection of focal earthworm species as non-target 659 soil organisms for environmental risk assessment of genetically modified plants, Sci Total, vol.660, pp.360-369, 2016.