Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning relations in European forests depend on environmental context
Sophia Ratcliffe
(1)
,
Christian Wirth
(1, 2, 3)
,
Tommaso Jucker
(4, 5)
,
Fons van Der Plas
(6, 7)
,
Michael Scherer-Lorenzen
(8)
,
Kris Verheyen
(9)
,
Eric Allan
(10)
,
Raquel Benavides
(11)
,
Helge Bruelheide
(2, 12)
,
Bettina Ohse
(1)
,
Alain Paquette
(13)
,
Evy Ampoorter
(9)
,
Cristina C. Bastias
(11)
,
Jürgen Bauhus
(14)
,
Damien Bonal
(15)
,
Olivier Bouriaud
(16)
,
Filippo Bussotti
(17)
,
Monique Carnol
(18)
,
Bastien Castagneyrol
(19)
,
Ewa Chećko
,
Seid Muhie Dawud
(20)
,
Hans De Wandeler
(21)
,
Timo Domisch
(22)
,
Leena Finér
(22)
,
Markus Fischer
(10)
,
Mariangela Fotelli
(23)
,
Arthur Gessler
(24)
,
André Granier
(15)
,
Charlotte Grossiord
(25)
,
Virginie Guyot
(19)
,
Josephine Haase
(8, 26, 27)
,
Stephan Hättenschwiler
(28)
,
Herve Jactel
(19)
,
Bogdan Jaroszewicz
,
François-Xavier Joly
(28)
,
Stephan Kambach
(2, 12, 29)
,
Simon Kolb
(30)
,
Julia Koricheva
(31)
,
Mario Liebersgesell
(1, 2)
,
Harriet Milligan
(31)
,
Sandra Müller
(8)
,
Bart Muys
(21)
,
Diem Nguyen
(32, 33)
,
Charles Nock
(8, 14)
,
Martina Pollastrini
(17)
,
Oliver Purschke
(2)
,
Kalliopi Radoglou
(34)
,
Karsten Raulund-Rasmussen
(35)
,
Fabian Roger
(36)
,
Paloma Ruiz-Benito
(37)
,
Rupert Seidl
(38)
,
Federico Selvi
(17)
,
Ian Seiferling
(39)
,
Jan Stenlid
(32)
,
Fernando Valladares
(11)
,
Lars Vesterdal
(35)
,
Lander Baeten
(9)
1
Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity
2 iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research
3 MPI-BGC - Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
4 CAM - University of Cambridge [UK]
5 Land and Water Flagship
6 UNIBE - Universität Bern = University of Bern = Université de Berne
7 LOEWE - Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F)
8 Faculty of Biology/Geobotany
9 ForNaLab - Forest & Nature Lab [Melle-Gontrode]
10 Institute of Plant Sciences
11 CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain]
12 Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden
13 CEF - Centre for Forest Research
14 Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg = University of Freiburg
15 EEF - Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018]
16 USU - University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava
17 UniFI - Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence = Université de Florence
18 Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology
19 BioGeCo - Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés
20 Wollo University
21 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
22 LUKE - Natural Resources Institute Finland
23 HAO Demeter - Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter
24 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
25 EES - Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos]
26 ETH Zürich - Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich]
27 IEU - Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies
28 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
29 Department of Community Ecology
30 Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg - Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg
31 School of Biological Sciences
32 Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology
33 Department of Organismal Biology
34 Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources
35 IGN - Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen]
36 Department of Marine Sciences
37 UAH - Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá
38 BOKU - Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences [Vienne, Autriche]
39 Senseable City Laboratory
2 iDiv - German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research
3 MPI-BGC - Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry
4 CAM - University of Cambridge [UK]
5 Land and Water Flagship
6 UNIBE - Universität Bern = University of Bern = Université de Berne
7 LOEWE - Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiK-F)
8 Faculty of Biology/Geobotany
9 ForNaLab - Forest & Nature Lab [Melle-Gontrode]
10 Institute of Plant Sciences
11 CSIC - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas [España] = Spanish National Research Council [Spain]
12 Institute of Biology/Geobotany and Botanical Garden
13 CEF - Centre for Forest Research
14 Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg = University of Freiburg
15 EEF - Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018]
16 USU - University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava
17 UniFI - Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence = Université de Florence
18 Laboratory of Plant and Microbial Ecology
19 BioGeCo - Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés
20 Wollo University
21 Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences
22 LUKE - Natural Resources Institute Finland
23 HAO Demeter - Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter
24 Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL
25 EES - Earth and Environmental Sciences Division [Los Alamos]
26 ETH Zürich - Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich]
27 IEU - Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies
28 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
29 Department of Community Ecology
30 Forest Research Institute Baden-Württemberg - Forstliche Versuchs- und Forschungsanstalt Baden-Württemberg
31 School of Biological Sciences
32 Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology
33 Department of Organismal Biology
34 Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources
35 IGN - Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen]
36 Department of Marine Sciences
37 UAH - Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá
38 BOKU - Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences [Vienne, Autriche]
39 Senseable City Laboratory
Kris Verheyen
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Helge Bruelheide
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Jürgen Bauhus
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Damien Bonal
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Olivier Bouriaud
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Bastien Castagneyrol
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Ewa Chećko
- Fonction : Auteur
Arthur Gessler
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Charlotte Grossiord
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Stephan Hättenschwiler
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Herve Jactel
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Bogdan Jaroszewicz
- Fonction : Auteur
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- ORCID : 0000-0002-2042-8245
Stephan Kambach
- Fonction : Auteur
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Sandra Müller
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Rupert Seidl
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Federico Selvi
- Fonction : Auteur
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- ORCID : 0000-0002-3820-125X
Jan Stenlid
- Fonction : Auteur
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Lander Baeten
- Fonction : Auteur
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Résumé
The importance of biodiversity in supporting ecosystem functioning is generally well accepted. However, most evidence comes from small-scale studies, and scaling-up patterns of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning (B-EF) remains challenging, in part because the importance of environmental factors in shaping B-EF relations is poorly understood. Using a forest research platform in which 26 ecosystem functions were measured along gradients of tree species richness in six regions across Europe, we investigated the extent and the potential drivers of context dependency of B-EF relations. Despite considerable variation in species richness effects across the continent, we found a tendency for stronger B-EF relations in drier climates as well as in areas with longer growing seasons and more functionally diverse tree species. The importance of water availability in driving context dependency suggests that as water limitation increases under climate change, biodiversity may become even more important to support high levels of functioning in European forests.