Vaccination is a key element in the control of foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). The majority of the antigenic sites that induce protective immune responses are localized on the FMD virus (FMDV) capsid that is formed by four virus-encoded structural proteins, VP1 to VP4. In the present study, recombinant canine adenovirus type 2 (CAV2)-based FMD vaccines, Cav-Pl/3C R degrees and Cav-VP1 R degrees, respectively expressing the structural P1 precursor protein along with the non-structural 3C protein or expressing the structural VP1 protein of the FMDV strain O/FRA/1/2001, were evaluated as novel vaccines against FMD. A strong humoral immune response was elicited in guinea pigs (GP) following immunization with Cav-P1/3C R, while administration of Cav-VP1 R degrees did not induce a satisfying antibody response in GP or mice. GP were then used as an experimental model for the determination of the protection afforded by the Cav/P1 R degrees vaccine against challenge with the FMDV strain O-1 Manisa/Turkey/1969. The Cav-P1/3C R vaccine protected GP from generalized FMD to a similar extent as a high potency double-oil emulsion O-1 Manisa vaccine. The results of the present study show that CAV2-based vector vaccines can express immunogenic FMDV antigens and offer protection against generalized FMD in GP. This suggest that Cav-P1 R FMDV vaccine may protect natural host species from FMD. In combination with an appropriate diagnostic test, the Cav-P1 R degrees FMDV vaccine may also serve as a marker vaccine to differentiate vaccinated from infected animals.