E. Germain, J. P. Prunet, A. Garcin, M. Le-noyer, and . Ctifl, , 1999.

A. C. Zeven and P. M. Zhukovsky, Dictionary of cultivated plants and their centres of diversity excluding ornamentals, forest trees, and lower plants. Wageningen: Centre for Agricultural Publishing and Documentation, 1975.

M. K. Aradhya, D. Potter, and C. J. Simon, Cladistic Biogeography of Juglans (Juglandaceae) Based on Chloroplast DNA Intergenic Spacer Sequences, Darwins Harvest New Approaches Orig Evol Conserv Crops, 2006.

R. H. Woodworth, Meiosis of micro-sporogenesis in the Juglandaceae, Am J Bot, vol.17, pp.863-872, 1930.

W. E. Manning, The classification within the Juglandaceae, Ann Mo Bot Gard, vol.65, pp.1058-87, 1978.

R. G. Fjellstrom, D. E. Parfitt, and . Walnut, Juglans spp.) genetic diversity determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism, Genome, vol.37, pp.690-700, 1994.

B. Fornari, M. E. Malvolti, D. Taurchini, S. Fineschi, I. Beritognolo et al., Isozyme and organellar DNA analysis of genetic diversity in natural/naturalised European and Asiatic walnut (Juglans regia L.) populations, Acta Hortic, vol.544, pp.167-78, 2001.

M. E. Malvolti, S. Fineschi, and M. Pigliucci, Morphological Integration and Genetic Variability in Juglans regia L, J Hered, vol.85, pp.389-94, 1994.

F. P. Nicese, J. I. Hormaza, and G. H. Mcgranahan, Molecular characterization and genetic relatedness among walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes based on RAPD markers, Euphytica, vol.101, pp.199-206, 1998.

R. Fatahi, A. Ebrahimi, and Z. Zamani, Characterization of Some Iranians and Foreign Walnut Genotypes Using Morphological Traits and RAPDs Markers, Hortic Environ Biotechnol, vol.51, pp.51-60, 2010.

D. Potter, F. Gao, G. Aiello, C. Leslie, and G. Mcgranahan, Intersimple Sequence Repeat Markers for Fingerprinting and Determining Genetic Relationships of Walnut (Juglans regia) Cultivars, J Am Soc Hortic Sci, vol.127, pp.75-81, 2002.

M. V. Christopoulos, D. Rouskas, E. Tsantili, and P. J. Bebeli, Germplasm diversity and genetic relationships among walnut (Juglans regia L.) cultivars and Greek local selections revealed by Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers, Sci Hortic, vol.125, pp.584-92, 2010.

S. Bayazit, K. Kazan, V. Gü-lbitti-s,-Ç-evik, H. Ayano?lu, and A. Ergül, AFLP analysis of genetic diversity in low chill requiring walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes from Hatay, Turkey. Sci Hortic, vol.111, pp.394-402, 2007.

A. M. Ali, S. J. Zubair, A. M. Abbas, and J. M. Jubrael, Genetic diversity among Walnuts (Juglans regia) population in Kurdistan Region-Iraq using AFLP-PCR, ZANCO J Pure Appl Sci, vol.28, pp.50-55, 2016.

A. Bernard, F. Lheureux, and E. Dirlewanger, Walnut: past and future of genetic improvement, Tree Genet Genomes, vol.14, p.1, 2018.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02625189

T. Hintum, A. Brown, C. Spillane, and T. Hodgkin, Core collections of plant genetic resources, IPGRI Technical Bulletin, vol.3, p.48, 2000.

G. S. Dangl, K. Woeste, M. K. Aradhya, A. Koehmstedt, C. Simon et al., , p.14

, Microsatellite Markers for Genetic Analysis and Cultivar Identification of Walnut, J Am Soc Hortic Sci, vol.130, pp.348-54, 2005.

K. Woeste, R. Burns, O. Rhodes, and C. Michler, Thirty Polymorphic Nuclear Microsatellite Loci from Black Walnut, J Hered, vol.93, pp.58-60, 2002.

M. Dang, T. Zhang, Y. Hu, H. Zhou, K. Woeste et al., De Novo Assembly and Characterization of Bud, Leaf and Flowers Transcriptome from Juglans Regia L. for the Identification and Characterization of New EST-SSRs, Forests, vol.7, pp.247-63, 2016.

T. Jombart, adegenet: a R package for the multivariate analysis of genetic markers, Bioinformatics, vol.24, pp.1403-1408, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00428105

R. Peakall and P. E. Smouse, GenAlEx 6.5: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research-an update, Bioinformatics, vol.28, pp.2537-2546, 2012.

R. Peakall and P. E. Smouse, GenAlEx 6.5: genetic analysis in Excel. Population genetic software for teaching and research, Molecular Ecology Notes, vol.6, pp.288-95, 2006.

S. T. Kalinowski, M. L. Taper, and T. C. Marshall, Revising how the computer program CERVUS accommodates genotyping error increases success in paternity assignment, Molecular Ecology, vol.16, p.17305863, 2007.

X. Perrier, J. Jacquemoud-collet, and . Darwin, , 2006.

J. K. Pritchard, M. Stephens, and P. Donnelly, Inference of population structure using multilocus genotype data, Genetics, vol.155, pp.945-59, 2000.

G. Evanno, S. Regnaut, and J. Goudet, Detecting the number of clusters of individuals using the software structure: a simulation study, Mol Ecol, vol.14, p.15969739, 2005.

D. A. Earl and B. M. Vonholdt, STRUCTURE HARVESTER: a website and program for visualizing STRUC-TURE output and implementing the Evanno method, Conserv Genet Resour, vol.4, pp.359-61, 2012.

K. Keenan, P. Mcginnity, T. F. Cross, and W. W. Crozier, Prodö hl PA. diveRsity: An R package for the estimation of population genetics parameters and their associated errors, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, vol.4, pp.782-790, 2013.

N. Saitou and M. Nei, The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees, Mol Biol Evol, vol.4, pp.406-431, 1987.

K. D. Scott, P. Eggler, G. Seaton, M. Rossetto, E. M. Ablett et al., Analysis of SSRs derived from grape ESTs, Theor Appl Genet, vol.100, pp.723-729, 2000.

J. Hu, L. Wang, and J. Li, Comparison of genomic SSR and EST-SSR markers for estimating genetic diversity in cucumber, Biol Plant, vol.55, pp.577-80, 2011.

A. G. Ince, M. Karaca, U. Göçer, E. Ayd?n, and A. , Descriptive Statistics and PIC Values of Genomic-and Transcriptomic-Microsatellites in Several Plant Species, J Sci Eng Res, vol.2017, pp.236-282, 2017.

W. Dong, C. Xu, W. Li, X. Xie, Y. Lu et al., Phylogenetic Resolution in Juglans Based on Complete Chloroplast Genomes and Nuclear DNA Sequences, Front Plant Sci, vol.8, p.1148, 2017.

A. Ebrahimi, R. Fatahi, and Z. Zamani, Analysis of genetic diversity among some Persian walnut genotypes (Juglans regia L.) using morphological traits and SSRs markers, Sci Hortic, vol.130, pp.146-51, 2011.

N. Shah, U. Mir, J. I. Ahmed, N. Fazili, and K. M. , Assessment of germplasm diversity and genetic relationships among walnut (Juglans regia L.) genotypes through microsatellite markers, J Saudi Soc Agric Sci, 2016.

H. Han, K. E. Woeste, Y. Hu, M. Dang, T. Zhang et al., Genetic diversity and population structure of common walnut (Juglans regia) in China based on EST-SSRs and the nuclear gene phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), Tree Genet Genomes, vol.12, p.111, 2016.

A. Ebrahimi, A. Zarei, J. R. Mckenna, G. Bujdoso, and K. E. Woeste, Genetic diversity of Persian walnut (Juglans regia) in the cold-temperate zone of the United States and Europe, Sci Hortic, vol.220, pp.36-41, 2017.

M. Vischi, C. Chiabà, S. Raranciuc, L. Poggetti, R. Messina et al., Genetic Diversity of Walnut (Juglans Regia L.) in the Eastern Italian Alps, Forests, vol.8, p.81, 2017.

R. Mahmoodi, F. Rahmani, and R. Rezaee, Genetic diversity among Juglans regia L. genotypes assessed by morphological traits and microsatellite markers, Span J Agric Res, vol.11, pp.431-438, 2013.

H. Wang, D. Pei, R. Gu, and B. Wang, Genetic Diversity and Structure of Walnut Populations in Central and Southwestern China Revealed by Microsatellite Markers, J Am Soc Hortic Sci, vol.133, pp.197-203, 2008.

M. Aradhya, K. Woeste, and D. Velasco, Genetic Diversity, Structure and Differentiation in Cultivated Walnut (Juglans regia L.), Acta Hortic, vol.861, pp.127-132, 2009.

L. Ruiz-garcia, G. Lopez-ortega, A. F. Denia, and D. F. Tomas, Identification of a walnut (Juglans regia L.) germplasm collection and evaluation of their genetic variability by microsatellite markers, Span J Agric Res, vol.9, pp.179-192, 2011.

R. Karimi, A. Ershadi, K. Vahdati, and K. Woeste, Molecular Characterization of Persian Walnut Populations in Iran with Microsatellite Markers, HortScience, vol.45, pp.1403-1406, 2010.

S. Mohsenipoor, K. Vahdati, R. Amiri, and M. R. Mozaffari, Study of the Genetic Structure and Gene Flow in Persian Walnut (Juglans regia L.) Using SSR Markers, Acta Hortic, vol.861, pp.133-175, 2010.

T. L. Odong, J. Van-heerwaarden, J. Jansen, T. Van-hintum, and F. A. Van-eeuwijk, Determination of genetic structure of germplasm collections: are traditional hierarchical clustering methods appropriate for molecular marker data?, Theor Appl Genet, vol.123, p.21472410, 2011.

A. R. Torres, A. K. Grunvald, T. B. Martins, M. A. Dos-santos, N. G. Lemos et al., Genetic structure and diversity of a soybean germplasm considering biological nitrogen fixation and protein content, Sci Agric, vol.72, pp.47-52, 2015.

J. A. Campoy, E. Lerigoleur-balsemin, H. Christmann, R. Beauvieux, N. Girollet et al., Genetic diversity, linkage disequilibrium, population structure and construction of a core collection of Prunus avium L. landraces and bred cultivars, BMC Plant Biol, vol.16, pp.1-15, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02443918

Y. Vigouroux, J. C. Glaubitz, Y. Matsuoka, M. M. Goodman, G. Sánchez et al., Population structure and genetic diversity of New World maize races assessed by DNA microsatellites, Am J Bot, vol.95, issue.10, pp.1240-53, 2008.

W. Liang, L. Dondini, D. Franceschi, P. Paris, R. Sansavini et al., Genetic Diversity, Population Structure and Construction of a Core Collection of Apple Cultivars from Italian Germplasm, Plant Mol Biol Report, vol.33, issue.3, pp.458-73, 2015.

P. Cubry, D. Bellis, F. Pot, D. Musoli, P. Leroy et al., Global analysis of Coffea canephora Pierre ex Froehner (Rubiaceae) from the Guineo-Congolese region reveals impacts from climatic refuges and migration effects, Genet Resour Crop Evol, vol.60, issue.2, pp.483-501, 2013.

P. Pollegioni, K. Woeste, F. Chiocchini, D. Lungo, S. Ciolfi et al., Rethinking the history of common walnut (Juglans regia L.) in Europe: its origins and human interactions, PLoS One, vol.12, issue.3, 2017.

J. Ferná-ndez-cruz and J. Ferná-ndez-ló-pez, Genetic structure of wild sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) populations in northwest of Spain and their differences with other European stands, Conserv Genet, vol.17, issue.4, pp.949-67, 2016.

S. Pereira-lorenzo, A. M. Ramos-cabrer, T. Barreneche, C. Mattioni, F. Villani et al., Database of European chestnut cultivars and definition of a core collection using simple sequence repeats, Tree Genet Genomes, vol.13, issue.5, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02619789

S. Pereira-lorenzo, R. Costa, A. M. Ramos-cabrer, M. Ciordia-ara, C. Ribeiro et al., Chestnut cultivar diversification process in the Iberian Peninsula, Canary Islands, and Azores, Genome, vol.54, issue.4, pp.301-316, 2011.

P. J. Martínez-garcía, M. W. Crepeau, D. Puiu, D. Gonzalez-ibeas, J. Whalen et al., The walnut (Juglans regia) genome sequence reveals diversity in genes coding for the biosynthesis of nonstructural polyphenols, Plant J, vol.87, pp.507-539, 2016.

T. Butterfield, M. Phu, and S. Chakraborty, Identifying the genetic determinant(s) of pellicle coloration in walnut, Walnut Res Rep, 2015.

G. Mcgranahan and C. Leslie, Robert Livermore', a Persian walnut cultivar with a red seedcoat, HortScience, vol.39, p.1772, 2004.

T. L. Odong, J. Jansen, F. A. Van-eeuwijk, and T. Van-hintum, Quality of core collections for effective utilisation of genetic resources review, discussion and interpretation, Theor Appl Genet, vol.126, p.22983567, 2013.

A. Brown, Core collections: a practical approach to genetic resources management, Genome, vol.31, pp.818-824, 1989.

W. Tulecke and G. Mcgranahan, The Walnut Germplasm Collection of the University of California, Davis. A Description of the Collection and a History of the Breeding Program of Eugene F. Serr and Harold I, 1994.