Background and aims Home-field advantage (HFA) hypothesis predicts that plant litter decomposes faster beneath the plant species from which it was derived than beneath other plant species. However, it remains unclear, which groups of soil organisms drive HFA effects across a wide range of litter quality and forest types. Methods We set up a reciprocal transplant decomposition experiment to quantify the HFA effects of broadleaf, coniferous and bamboo litters. Litterbags of different mesh sizes and high-throughput pyrosequencing of microbial rRNA gene were used to test the contribution of different decomposer groups to HFA effect. Results The recalcitrant broadleaf litter and the labile bamboo litter exhibited HFA. Presence of meso-and macrofauna did not substantially change the HFA effects. Bacterial and fungal community composition on litters were significantly influenced by litter type. Bacterial community composition remained unchanged when the same litter was decomposed in different forest types, whereas fungal community composition on broadleaf and bamboo litters were significantly influenced by incubation site. Conclusions Our data demonstrate specific association between fungal community composition and faster litter decomposition in the home site, suggesting that fungi probably participate in driving the HFA effect of broadleaf and bamboo litters.