BackgroundIn the context of sustainable development, yeast are one class of microorganisms foreseen for the production of oil from diverse renewable feedstocks, in particular those that do not compete with the food supply. However, their use in bulk production, such as for the production of biodiesel, is still not cost effective, partly due to the possible poor use of desired substrates or poor robustness in the practical bioconversion process. We investigated the natural capacity of Blastobotrys adeninivorans, a yeast already used in biotechnology, to store lipids under different conditions.ResultsThe genotyping of seven strains showed the species to actually be composed of two different groups, one that (including the well-known strain LS3) could be reassigned to Blastobotrys raffinosifermentans. We showed that, under nitrogen limitation, strains of both species can synthesize lipids to over 20% of their dry-cell weight during shake-flask cultivation in glucose or xylose medium for 96h. In addition, organic acids were excreted into the medium. LS3, our best lipid-producing strain, could also accumulate lipids from exogenous oleic acid, up to 38.11.6% of its dry-cell weight, and synthesize lipids from various sugar substrates, up to 36.6 +/- 0.5% when growing in cellobiose. Both species, represented by LS3 and CBS 8244(T), could grow with little filamentation in the lipogenic medium from 28 to 45 degrees C and reached lipid titers ranging from 1.76 +/- 0.28 to 3.08 +/- 0.49g/L in flasks. Under these conditions, the maximum bioconversion yield (Y-FA/S=0.093 +/- 0.017) was obtained with LS3 at 37 degrees C. The presence of genes for predicted subunits of an ATP citrate lyase in the genome of LS3 reinforces its oleaginous character.Conclusions Blastobotrys adeninivorans and B. raffinosifermentans, which are known to be xerotolerant and genetically-tractable, are promising biotechnological yeasts of the Saccharomycotina that could be further developed through genetic engineering for the production of microbial oil. To our knowledge, this is the first report of efficient lipid storage in yeast when cultivated at a temperature above 40 degrees C. This paves the way to help reducing costs through consolidated bioprocessing.