D. G. Ainley and L. K. Blight, Ecological repercussions of historical fish extraction from the Southern Ocean, Fish and Fisheries, vol.10, issue.1, pp.13-38, 2009.

M. Andrello, D. Mouillot, S. Somot, W. Thuiller, and S. Manel, Additive effects of climate change on connectivity between marine protected areas and larval supply to fished areas, Diversity and Distributions, vol.21, issue.2, pp.139-150, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01841284

E. R. Barrera-oro and R. J. Casaux, Age estimation for juvenile Notothenia rossii from Potter Cove, South Shetland Islands. Antarctic Science, vol.4, issue.2, pp.131-136, 1992.

E. Barrera-oro, E. Marschoff, and D. Ainley, Changing status of three notothenioid fish at the South Shetland Islands (1983-2016) after impacts of the 1970-80s commercial fishery, Polar Biology, vol.40, issue.10, pp.2047-2054, 2017.

J. M. Beers and B. D. Sidell, Thermal tolerance of Antarctic notothenioid fishes correlates with level of circulating hemoglobin, Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, vol.84, issue.4, pp.353-362, 2011.

F. Blanquart, O. Kaltz, S. L. Nuismer, and S. Gandon, A practical guide to measuring local adaptation, Ecology Letters, vol.16, issue.9, pp.1195-1205, 2013.

C. W. Boning, A. Dispert, M. Visbeck, S. R. Rintoul, and F. U. Schwarzkopf, The response of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to recent climate change, Nature Geoscience, vol.1, issue.12, pp.864-869, 2008.

W. W. Cheung, V. W. Lam, J. L. Sarmiento, K. Kearney, R. Watson et al., Large-scale redistribution of maximum fisheries catch potential in the global ocean under climate change, Global Change Biology, vol.16, issue.1, pp.24-35, 2010.

A. Clarke, E. J. Murphy, M. P. Meredith, J. C. King, L. S. Peck et al., Climate change and the marine ecosystem of the western Antarctic Peninsula, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, vol.362, pp.149-166, 1477.

R. K. Cowen and S. Sponaugle, Larval dispersal and marine population connectivity, Annual Review of Marine Science, vol.1, pp.443-466, 2009.

A. Dornburg, S. Federman, A. D. Lamb, C. D. Jones, and T. J. Near, Cradles and museums of Antarctic teleost biodiversity, Nature Ecology & Evolution, vol.1, issue.9, pp.1379-1384, 2017.

G. Duhamel, New data on spawning, hatching and growth of Champsocephalus gunnari on the shelf of the Kerguelen Islands, CCAMLR Science, vol.2, pp.21-34, 1995.

P. Dyke, Coastal and shelf sea modelling, 2001.

J. T. Eastman, Antarctic fish biology: Evolution in a unique environment, 1993.

P. Edelaar and D. I. Bolnick, Non-random gene flow: An underappreciated force in evolution and ecology, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.27, issue.12, pp.659-665, 2012.

M. Edwards and A. J. Richardson, Impact of climate change on marine pelagic phenology and trophic mismatch, Nature, vol.430, issue.7002, pp.881-884, 2004.

I. Everson, A. W. North, A. Paul, R. Cooper, N. C. Mcwilliam et al., Spawning locations of mackerel icefish at South Georgia, CCAMLR Science, vol.8, pp.107-118, 2001.

S. Faurby and P. H. Barber, Theoretical limits to the correlation between pelagic larval duration and population genetic structure, Molecular Ecology, vol.21, issue.14, pp.3419-3432, 2012.

Z. A. Frolkina, Distribution of mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) (Channichthyidae) around South Georgia at various stages of its life cycle, CCAMLR Science, vol.9, pp.49-69, 2002.

J. A. Galarza, J. Carreras-carbonell, E. Macpherson, M. Pascual, S. Roques et al., The influence of oceanographic fronts and early-life-history traits on connectivity among littoral fish species, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.106, pp.1473-1478, 2009.

P. R. Gent and J. C. Mcwilliams, Isopycnal mixing in ocean circulation models, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.20, issue.1, pp.150-155, 1990.

S. T. Gille, Decadal-scale temperature trends in the Southern Hemisphere ocean, Journal of Climate, vol.21, issue.18, pp.4749-4765, 2008.

S. T. Gille, Meridional displacement of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.372, 2014.

J. F. Gillooly, E. L. Charnov, G. B. West, V. M. Savage, and J. H. Brown, Effects of size and temperature on developmental time, Nature, vol.417, issue.6884, pp.70-73, 2002.

O. E. Gon and P. C. Heemstra, Fishes of the Southern Ocean, 1990.

R. Hallberg and A. Gnanadesikan, The role of eddies in determining the structure and response of the wind-driven southern hemisphere overturning: Results from the Modeling Eddies in the Southern Ocean (MESO) project, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.36, issue.12, pp.2232-2252, 2006.

A. Hirst and A. Lopez-urrutia, Effects of evolution on egg development time, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.326, pp.29-35, 2006.

O. Hoegh-guldberg and J. F. Bruno, The impact of climate change on the world's marine ecosystems, Science, vol.328, issue.5985, pp.1523-1528, 2010.

A. A. Hoffmann and C. M. Sgro, Climate change and evolutionary adaptation, Nature, vol.470, issue.7335, pp.479-485, 2011.

S. Jacob, D. Legrand, A. S. Chaine, D. Bonte, N. Schtickzelle et al., Gene flow favours local adaptation under habitat choice in ciliate microcosms, Nature Ecology & Evolution, vol.1, issue.9, pp.1407-1410, 2017.

T. Jombart, adegenet: A R package for the multivariate analysis of genetic markers, Bioinformatics, vol.24, issue.11, pp.1403-1405, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00428105

T. Jombart, S. Devillard, and F. Balloux, Discriminant analysis of principal components: A new method for the analysis of genetically structured populations, BMC Genetics, vol.11, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00539267

J. L. Kelley, A. P. Brown, N. O. Therkildsen, and A. D. Foote, The life aquatic: Advances in marine vertebrate genomics, Nature Reviews Genetics, vol.17, issue.9, pp.523-534, 2016.

M. S. Kendall, M. Poti, and K. B. Karnauskas, Climate change and larval transport in the ocean: Fractional effects from physical and physiological factors, Global Change Biology, vol.22, issue.4, pp.1532-1547, 2016.

M. S. Kendall, M. Poti, T. T. Wynne, B. P. Kinlan, and L. B. Bauer, Consequences of the life history traits of pelagic larvae on interisland connectivity during a changing climate, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.489, pp.43-59, 2013.

K. H. Kock, Antarctic fish and fisheries, 1992.

K. H. Kock, Antarctic icefishes (Channichthyidae): A unique family of fishes. A review, Part I, Polar Biology, vol.28, issue.11, pp.862-895, 2005.

K. H. Kock, M. Belchier, and C. D. Jones, Is the attempt to estimate the biomass of antarctic fish from a multi-species survey appropriate for all targeted species? Notothenia rossii in the Atlantic Ocean sector -Revisited, CCAMLR Science, vol.11, pp.141-153, 2004.

K. H. Kock and I. Everson, Shedding new light on the life cycle of mackerel icefish in the Southern Ocean, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.63, issue.1, pp.1-21, 2003.

K. H. Kock and A. Kellermann, Reproduction in Antarctic Notothenioid Fish, Antarctic Science, vol.3, issue.2, pp.125-150, 1991.

J. T. Kool, C. B. Paris, S. Andrefouet, and R. K. Cowen, Complex migration and the development of genetic structure in subdivided populations: An example from Caribbean coral reef ecosystems, Ecography, vol.33, issue.3, pp.597-606, 2010.

J. T. Kool, C. B. Paris, P. H. Barber, and R. K. Cowen, Connectivity and the development of population genetic structure in Indo-West Pacific coral reef communities, Global Ecology and Biogeography, vol.20, issue.5, pp.695-706, 2011.

A. S. Kough, C. B. Paris, and M. J. Butler, Larval connectivity and the international management of fisheries, PLoS One, vol.8, issue.6, 2013.

T. Kristiansen, K. F. Drinkwater, R. G. Lough, and S. Sundby, Recruitment variability in north Atlantic cod and match-mismatch dynamics, PLoS One, vol.6, issue.3, 2011.

C. A. Layman, J. P. Quattrochi, C. M. Peyer, and J. E. Allgeier, Niche width collapse in a resilient top predator following ecosystem fragmentation, Ecology Letters, vol.10, issue.10, pp.937-944, 2007.

T. Lenormand, Gene flow and the limits to natural selection, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.17, issue.4, pp.2497-2504, 2002.

C. E. Main, M. A. Collins, R. Mitchell, and M. Belchier, Identifying patterns in the diet of mackerel icefish (Champsocephalus gunnari) at South Georgia using bootstrapped confidence intervals of a dietary index, Polar Biology, vol.32, issue.4, pp.569-581, 2009.

M. Matschiner, R. Hanel, and W. Salzburger, Gene flow by larval dispersal in the Antarctic notothenioid fish Gobionotothen gibberifrons, Molecular Ecology, vol.18, issue.12, pp.2574-2587, 2009.

I. N. Mccave, S. J. Crowhurst, G. Kuhn, C. D. Hillenbrand, and M. P. Meredith, Minimal change in Antarctic Circumpolar Current flow speed between the last glacial and Holocene, Nature Geoscience, vol.7, issue.2, pp.113-116, 2014.

A. J. Meijers, The Southern Ocean in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.372, 2014.

P. G. Meirmans and P. W. Hedrick, Assessing population structure: F-ST and related measures, Molecular Ecology Resources, vol.11, issue.1, pp.5-18, 2011.

M. P. Meredith and A. M. Hogg, Circumpolar response of Southern Ocean eddy activity to a change in the Southern Annular Mode, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.33, issue.16, 2006.

M. P. Meredith and J. C. King, Rapid climate change in the ocean west of the Antarctic Peninsula during the second half of the 20th century, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.32, issue.19, 2005.

M. P. Meredith, E. J. Murphy, E. J. Hawker, J. C. King, and M. I. Wallace, On the interannual variability of ocean temperatures around South Georgia, Southern Ocean: Forcing by El Nino/Southern Oscillation and the Southern Annular Mode, Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, vol.55, pp.2007-2022, 2008.

M. P. Meredith, P. L. Woodworth, C. W. Hughes, and V. Stepanov, Changes in the ocean transport through Drake Passage during the 1980s and 1990s, forced by changes in the Southern Annular Mode, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.31, issue.21, 2004.

J. K. Moore, M. R. Abbott, and J. G. Richman, Variability in the location of the Antarctic Polar Front (90 degrees-20 degrees W) from satellite sea surface temperature data, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.102, issue.C13, pp.27825-27833, 1997.

S. A. Murawski, Rebuilding depleted fish stocks: The good, the bad, and mostly, the ugly, ICES Journal of Marine Science, vol.67, issue.9, pp.1830-1840, 2010.

E. J. Murphy, S. E. Thorpe, J. L. Watkins, and R. Hewitt, Modeling the krill transport pathways in the Scotia Sea: Spatial and environmental connections generating the seasonal distribution of krill, Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, vol.51, pp.1435-1456, 2004.

E. J. Murphy, J. L. Watkins, P. N. Trathan, K. Reid, M. P. Meredith et al., Spatial and temporal operation of the Scotia Sea ecosystem: A review of large-scale links in a krill centred food web, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.362, pp.113-148, 1477.

A. W. North, Early life history strategies of notothenioids at South Georgia, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.58, issue.2, pp.496-505, 2001.

A. W. North and A. W. Murray, Abundance and diurnal verticaldistribution of fish larvae in early spring and summer in a Fjord at South Georgia, Antarctic Science, vol.4, issue.4, pp.405-412, 1992.

M. I. O'connor, J. F. Bruno, S. D. Gaines, B. S. Halpern, S. E. Lester et al., Temperature control of larval dispersal and the implications for marine ecology, evolution, and conservation, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.104, pp.1266-1271, 2007.

A. H. Orsi, T. Whitworth, and W. D. Nowlin, On the meridional extent and fronts of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.42, pp.641-673, 1995.

G. B. Parkes, Protecting young fish and spawning aggregations of Champsocephalus gunnari in subarea 48.3 (South Georgia): A review, CCAMLR Science, vol.7, pp.75-86, 2000.

C. Parmesan, Ecological and evolutionary responses to recent climate change, Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics, vol.37, pp.637-669, 2006.

M. Pascual, B. Rives, C. Schunter, and E. Macpherson, Impact of life history traits on gene flow: A multispecies systematic review across oceanographic barriers in the Mediterranean Sea, PLoS One, vol.12, issue.5, 2017.

D. Pauly and R. S. Pullin, Hatching time in spherical, pelagic, marine fish eggs in response to temperature and egg size, Environmental Biology of Fishes, vol.22, issue.4, pp.261-271, 1988.

P. Pepin, Effect of temperature and size on development, mortality, and survival rates of the pelagic early life-history stages of marine fish, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.48, issue.3, pp.503-518, 1991.

. R-core-team, R: A language and environment for statistical computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2017.

A. H. Renner, K. J. Heywood, and S. E. Thorpe, Validation of three global ocean models in the Weddell Sea. Ocean Modelling, vol.30, pp.1-15, 2009.

A. H. Renner, S. E. Thorpe, K. J. Heywood, E. J. Murphy, J. L. Watkins et al., Advective pathways near the tip of the Antarctic Peninsula: Trends, variability and ecosystem implications. Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.63, pp.91-101, 2012.

R. E. Ricklefs, Community diversity -Relative roles of local and regional processes, Science, vol.235, issue.4785, pp.167-171, 1987.

C. Riginos, K. E. Douglas, Y. Jin, D. F. Shanahan, and E. A. Treml, Effects of geography and life history traits on genetic differentiation in benthic marine fishes, Ecography, vol.34, issue.4, pp.566-575, 2011.

K. A. Selkoe, C. C. D'aloia, E. D. Crandall, M. Iacchei, L. Liggins et al., A decade of seascape genetics: Contributions to basic and applied marine connectivity, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.554, pp.1-19, 2016.

K. A. Selkoe, C. M. Henzler, and S. D. Gaines, Seascape genetics and the spatial ecology of marine populations, Fish and Fisheries, vol.9, issue.4, pp.363-377, 2008.

S. E. Thorpe, Variability of the southern Antarctic Circumpolar Current in the Scotia Sea and its implications for transport to South Georgia, 2001.

A. Tigano and V. L. Friesen, Genomics of local adaptation with gene flow, Molecular Ecology, vol.25, issue.10, pp.2144-2164, 2016.

B. L. Timpane-padgham, T. Beechie, and T. Klinger, A systematic review of ecological attributes that confer resilience to climate change in environmental restoration, PLoS One, vol.12, issue.3, 2017.

M. C. Urban, J. J. Tewksbury, and K. S. Sheldon, On a collision course: Competition and dispersal differences create no-analogue communities and cause extinctions during climate change, Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, vol.279, pp.2072-2080, 1735.

R. S. Waples and O. E. Gaggiotti, What is a population? An empirical evaluation of some genetic methods for identifying the number of gene pools and their degree of connectivity, Molecular Ecology, vol.15, pp.1419-1439, 2006.

C. White, K. A. Selkoe, J. Watson, D. A. Siegel, D. C. Zacherl et al., Ocean currents help explain population genetic structure, Proceedings of the Royal Society B-Biological Sciences, vol.277, pp.1685-1694, 1688.

M. J. Whitehouse, M. P. Meredith, P. Rothery, A. Atkinson, P. Ward et al., Rapid warming of the ocean around South Georgia, Southern Ocean, during the 20th century: Forcings, characteristics and implications for lower trophic levels. Deep-Sea Research Part I-Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.55, pp.1218-1228, 2008.

M. C. Whitlock and D. E. Mccauley, Indirect measures of gene flow and migration: F ST ? 1/(4Nm+1), Heredity, vol.82, pp.117-125, 1999.

S. Wood, I. B. Baums, C. B. Paris, A. Ridgwell, W. S. Kessler et al., El Nino and coral larval dispersal across the eastern Pacific marine barrier, Nature Communications, vol.7, 2016.

S. Wright, Evolution in Mendelian populations, Genetics, vol.16, issue.2, pp.97-159, 1931.

E. F. Young, M. Belchier, L. Hauser, G. J. Horsburgh, M. P. Meredith et al., Oceanography and life history predict contrasting genetic population structure in two Antarctic fish species, Evolutionary Applications, vol.8, issue.5, pp.486-509, 2015.

E. F. Young, J. Rock, M. P. Meredith, M. Belchier, E. J. Murphy et al., Physical and behavioural influences on larval fish retention: Contrasting patterns in two Antarctic fishes, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.465, pp.201-215, 2012.