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                <term xml:lang="en">alimentation</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">menthe</term>
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              <p>Urban agriculture is well known for its multifunctionality. In Africa, it can contribute to food security and poverty reduction. Often associated with urban gardening, and urban livestock, there is a gap of knowledge on the urban production of aromatic and medicinal plants. This production is present in Ziguinchor, Senegal, where the study has been conducted. The objective of this article is to describe this form of urban agriculture in order to evaluate its environmental and socioeconomic services. The method is based on mapping of agricultural sites in the city, and on a survey of 70 producers. The results show that these micro-farms are localized in urban interstices. The land tenure is based on free leases, from landowners who can take back their land at any time. The cultivated species are Mentha spicata L., Mentha X piperita L. and Ocimum basilicum L. The cultivation of these plants is the work of women who get a significant income. These revenues are mainly intended for the purchase of food and the schooling of children. In addition to reducing poverty, these micro-farms contribute to the sanitation of the city, considering the fertilization coming from waste and animal manure. Mints have other properties, in particular medicinal, underestimated by the producers. In spite of these assets, this activity is limited in its development whereas solutions of technical improvement and commercial valorization would be possible.</p>
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              <p>L’agriculture urbaine est une activité reconnue pour sa multifonctionnalité. En Afrique, elle peut contribuer à la sécurité alimentaire et à la réduction de la pauvreté. Souvent associée au maraîchage, et de plus en plus, à l’élevage urbain, la production de plantes aromatiques et médicinales est une forme d’agriculture urbaine peu étudiée. Elle est présente à Ziguinchor, au Sénégal, où a été menée l’étude. L’objectif de cet article est de caractériser cette agriculture et d’apprécier ses fonctions environnementales et socioéconomiques. La méthode combine une cartographie des sites agricoles et une enquête auprès de 70 producteurs. Les résultats montrent qu’il s’agit de micro-exploitations qui se développent dans les interstices urbains. La tenure foncière est dominée par l’emprunt gratuit à des propriétaires qui peuvent reprendre leurs terres à tout moment. Les espèces cultivées sont Mentha spicata L., Mentha X piperita L. et Ocimum basilicum L. La culture de ces plantes est l’œuvre des femmes qui en tirent des revenus significatifs. Ces revenus sont destinés à l’achat de denrées alimentaires et à la scolarisation des enfants. En plus de réduire les situations de pauvreté, ces micro-exploitations contribuent à l’assainissement de la ville, car la fertilisation provient des ordures ménagères organiques et de la fumure animale. Les menthes recèlent d’autres vertus, notamment médicinales, peu connues des producteurs. Malgré ces atouts, cette activité est limitée dans son développement alors que des solutions d’amélioration technique et de valorisation commerciale seraient possibles.</p>
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