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              <p>The importance of the welfare of animals that live under the control of humans (e.g. in farms, zoos, circuses, experimentations or pets) has been gradually affirmed over the last 50 years. In this report, the concept of animal welfare has been placed in its philosophical, societal and legal contexts, which influence its consideration and its meaning. Particular attention has been paid to the scientific bases of the notion of welfare, which is based on the psychological characteristics of animals, that is sentient and conscious beings. The definition of the concept of welfare presented here focuses on the mental state of the individual in its environment and therefore does not only refer to positive human actions towards animals, a necessary condition for welfare but whose result must be evaluated at the animal level. This mental dimension draws attention to the fact that good health, as well as a satisfactory level of production or a lack of stress, are not enough. It is also necessary to take into account what the animal feels, not only unpleasant subjective perceptions such as frustration, pain and suffering, but also to seek positive emotions. The analysis of behaviours and the physiological and health status of the animal provides an integrated vision of its welfare. These measurements on animals need to be combined with environmental data in welfare assessment protocols.</p>
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              <p>L’importance du bien-être des animaux qui vivent sous la dépendance des humains (animaux d’élevage, de compagnie, de zoo, de cirque, d’expérimentation…) s’est affirmée progressivement au cours des 50 dernières années. Dans cette note, le concept de bien-être animal a été replacé dans ses contextes, philosophique, sociétal et juridique, qui influencent sa prise en compte et la signification qui lui est conférée. Une attention particulière a été portée aux bases scientifiques de la notion de bien-être, qui repose sur les caractéristiques psychiques des animaux, êtres sensibles et conscients. Notre définition du concept de bien-être est centrée sur l’état mental de l’individu dans son environnement et se démarque clairement du concept de bientraitance qui fait référence aux actions humaines positives envers les animaux, condition nécessaire au bien-être mais dont le résultat doit s’évaluer au niveau de l’animal. En outre, cette dimension mentale porte l’attention sur le fait qu’une bonne santé, un niveau de production satisfaisant ou une absence de stress ne suffisent pas. Il faut aussi prendre en compte ce que l’animal ressent, les perceptions subjectives déplaisantes, telles que la frustration, la douleur et la souffrance, mais aussi rechercher les signes d’expression d’émotions positives. Les protocoles d’évaluation du bien-être des animaux doivent ainsi combiner l’analyse des comportements et de l’état physiologique et sanitaire de l’animal avec les données sur l’environnement.</p>
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