M. A. Awad, D. Jager, A. Dekker, M. Jongen, and W. M. , Formation of flavonoids and chlorogenic acid in apples as affected by crop load, Scientia Horticulturae, vol.91, issue.3-4, pp.227-237, 2001.

N. Chaves and J. C. Escudero, Variation of flavonoid synthesis induced by ecological factors, pp.267-285, 1999.

J. Cross, Guidelines for integrated production of pome fruits in Europe-technical guideline III, IOBC WPRS Bulletin, vol.25, issue.8, pp.1-45, 2002.

P. Debaeke, N. Munier-jolain, M. Bertrand, L. Guichard, J. M. Nolot et al., Iterative design and evaluation of rule-based cropping systems: methodology and case studies. A review, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, vol.29, pp.73-86, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01173739

J. Fauriel, S. Bellon, D. Plénet, and M. J. Amiot, On-farm influence of production patterns on total polyphenol content in peach, Proceedings of the 3rd International Congress of the European Integrated Project Quality Low Input Food (QLIF), pp.122-125, 2007.

S. Guyot, N. Marnet, D. Laraba, P. Sanoner, and J. F. Drilleau, Reversed-phase HPLC following thiolysis for quantitative estimation and characterization of the four main classes of phenolic compounds in different tissue zones of a French cider apple variety (Malus domestica Var. Kermerrien), Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.46, pp.1698-1705, 1998.

S. Guyot, L. Bourvellec, C. Marnet, N. Drilleau, and J. F. , Procyanidins are the most abundant polyphenols in dessert apples at maturity. Lebensmittel-Wissenschaft und Technologie-Food Science and Technology, vol.35, pp.289-291, 2002.

M. G. Hertog, E. J. Feskens, P. C. Hollman, M. B. Katan, and D. Kromhout, Dietary antioxidant flavonoids and risk of coronary heart disease: the Zutphen Elderly Study, Lancet, vol.342, issue.8878, pp.1007-1011, 1993.

S. Khanizadeh, R. Tsao, D. Rekika, R. Yang, M. T. Charles et al., Polyphenol composition and total antioxidant capacity of selected genotypes for processing, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, vol.21, pp.396-401, 2008.

P. Knekt, R. Jarvinen, A. Reunanen, and J. Maatela, Flavonoid intake and coronary mortality in Finland: a cohort study, British Medical Journal, vol.312, issue.7029, pp.478-481, 1996.

D. Kviklys, M. Liaudanskas, V. Janulis, P. Viskelis, M. Rubinskiene et al., Rootstock genotype determines phenol content in apple fruits, Plant Soil Environment, vol.60, pp.234-240, 2014.

L. Lamperi, U. Chiuminatto, A. Cincinelli, P. Galvan, E. Giordani et al., Polyphenol levels and free radical scavenging activities of four apple cultivars from integrated and organic farming in different Italian areas, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.56, pp.6536-6546, 2008.

L. Bourvellec, C. Bouzerzour, K. Ginies, C. Regis, S. Plé et al., Phenolic and polysaccharide composition of applesauce is close to that of apple flesh, Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, vol.24, pp.537-547, 2011.

A. Martinez-palou and E. Rhoner-thielen, Fruit and vegetables: fresh and healthy on European tables, Eurostat Statistics in focus, vol.60, 2008.

M. Mikulic-petkovsek, A. Slatnar, F. Stampar, and R. Veberic, The influence of organic/integrated production on the content of phenolic compounds in apple leaves and fruits in four different varieties over a 2-year period, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol.90, pp.2366-2378, 2010.

. Ministère-de-l'agriculture, . De-l'agroalimentaire, and F. De-la, Le portail de l'Agroalimentaire, Fiche Technique Pomme, 2014.

D. Plénet, S. Simon, G. Vercambre, and F. Lescourret, Systèmes de culture en arboriculture fruitière et qualité des fruits, Innovations Agronomiques, vol.9, pp.85-105, 2010.

J. Rigaud, . Perez-ilzarbej, J. M. Ricardo-da-silva, and V. Cheynier, Micro method for the identification of proanthocyanidin using thiolysis monitored by high performance liquid chromatography, Journal of Chromatography A, vol.540, pp.401-405, 1991.

P. Sanoner, S. Guyot, N. Marnet, D. Molle, and J. Drilleau, Polyphenol profiles of French cider apple varieties (Malus domestica sp.), Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.47, pp.4847-4853, 1999.

S. Simon, L. Brun, J. Guinaudeau, and B. Sauphanor, Pesticide use in current and innovative apple orchard systems, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, vol.31, pp.541-555, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00930500

M. Stopar, U. Bolcina, A. Vanzo, and U. Vrhovsek, Jonagold apples (Malus x domestica Borkh.) increases polyphenol content and fruit quality, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.50, pp.1643-1646, 2002.

B. A. Stracke, C. E. Rüfer, F. P. Weibel, A. Bub, and B. Watzl, Three-year comparison of the polyphenol contents and antioxidant capacities in organically and conventionally produced apples (Malus domestica Bork. Cultivar `Golden Delicious'), Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.57, pp.4598-4605, 2009.

R. Tsao, R. Yang, C. Young, and H. Zhu, Polyphenolic profiles in eight apple cultivars using highperformance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.51, pp.6347-6353, 2003.

T. Unuk, S. Tojnko, Z. Cmelik, and M. Stopar, Polyphenol content in apple fruits as affected by crop load and rate of applied nitrogen, Acta Horticulturae, vol.721, pp.173-176, 2006.

A. Valavanidis, T. Vlachogianni, A. Psomas, A. Zovoili, and V. Siatis, Polyphenolic profile and antioxidant activity of five apple cultivars grown under organic and conventional agricultural practices, International Journal of Food Science & Technology, vol.44, pp.1167-1175, 2009.

R. K. Volz and T. K. Mcghie, Genetic variability in apple fruit polyphenol composition in Malus x domestica and Malus sieversii germplasm grown in New Zealand, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.59, pp.11509-11530, 2011.

U. Vrhovsek, A. Rigo, D. Tonon, and F. Mattivi, Quantitation of polyphenols in different apple varieties, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.52, pp.6532-6538, 2004.

A. Wojdy?o, J. Oszmia?ski, and P. Laskowski, Polyphenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of new and old apple varieties, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.56, pp.6520-6530, 2008.

A. J. Yuri, F. J. Maldonado, I. Razmilic, A. Neira, A. Quilodran et al., Concentrations of total phenols and antioxidant activity in apple do not differ between conventional and organic orchard management, Journal of Food Agriculture and Environment, vol.10, pp.207-216, 2012.