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,
, S2 Native (EB-INRA87
,
,
, S3 Native (EB-INRA87
,
, S4 Native (EB-INRA87
,
, S5 Native (EB-INRA87
,
,
, S6 Native (EB-INRA87
,
,
, S7 Native (EB-INRA87, EB-INRA06
,
,
, S8 Native (EB-INRA87, EB-Biotop
,
,
, S9 Native (EB-INRA87, EB-INRA06
,
,
, S10 Native (EB-INRA87, EB-Biotop
,
,
, S11 Native (EB-INRA87, EB-INRA06
,
,
, S12 Native (EB-INRA87, EB-INRA06, EB-Koppert
, S13 Native (EB-INRA87, EB-Biotop
,
, S15 Native (EB-INRA87, EB-INRA06, EB-Biotop
,
,
, S17 Native (EB-INRA87
,
, EB-Biobest
, S18 Native (EB-INRA87, EB-INRA06, EB-Biotop
, For formal assessment of the relationship between the European biocontrol populations, we used ABC to compare 18 competing scenarios representing of a gradient from a scenario of full dependence (i.e. all samples derived from the 1982 INRA population: S1) to a scenario of full independence (i.e. all samples independently collected within the native area: S18). For instance, in scenario S3, the biocontrol populations EB-INRA87 and EB-Koppert were independently collected from the native area and all three biocontrol populations EB-INRA06, EB-Biotop and EB-Koppert originate from the same biocontrol population, Table S5: ABC analyses to assess the relationship between the five European Biocontrol populations