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                <term xml:lang="en">CLIMATE TYPOLOGY</term>
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                <term xml:lang="en">QUANTITATIVE APPROACH</term>
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              <p>Le climat est un élément important de la vie des territoires car il conditionne le comportement et les décisions des individus et des groupes sociaux comme celui de l’ensemble des espèces vivantes et des écosystèmes. A ce titre, la différenciation de l’espace selon les climats et les aptitudes qui en résultent est un domaine qui mérite d’être réinvesti par la recherche en mettant à profit des moyens de traitement modernes de l’information. Avec cet objectif en vue, les auteurs proposent une approche spatiale de définition des climats. Partant des mesures stationnelles de précipitation et de température mises à disposition par Météo-France, un jeu de 14 variables intégrant une série temporelle de 30 ans (1971-2000) est défini pour caractériser les climats et leurs modalités distinctives de variation. Une méthode originale dite d’interpolation locale permet de reconstituer les champs spatiaux continus des variables en question et de les exprimer sous forme de couches d’information gérables par SIG. Ces données sont ensuite soumises à un traitement associant analyse factorielle des correspondances et classification hiérarchique ascendante pour en obtenir une typologie où huit climats sont identifiés et cartographiés sur le territoire métropolitain. Un traitement complémentaire faisant appel aux probabilités permet de restituer l’espace de distribution potentielle de chacun des types et de nuancer la partition stricte tirée de la classification. Une synthèse met en perspective les résultats obtenus pour les réinterpréter dans un schéma général de compréhension du climat. Deux annexes permettent de télécharger les bases cartographiques et les données associées à cet article</p>
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