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, Comportement de la mère et du nouveau-né chez les mammifères : mécanismes d'activation / 407

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, Cependant les estrogènes, la progestérone, l'expulsion du foetus et la libération intracérébrale d'ocytocine qui l'accompagne, sont les facteurs le plus souvent retrouvés. Les structures nerveuses cibles sont principalement le complexe aire préoptique médiane/noyau de la strie terminale, le noyau paraventriculaire de l'hypothalamus, les bulbes olfactifs et l'amygdale. Enfin, dans la plupart des espèces dont les jeunes sont bien développés à la naissance, la mère apprend à reconnaître son nouveau-né en quelques heures, principalement à son odeur, et rejette alors tout jeune étranger à la mamelle. Cet apprentissage dépend du système olfactif principal et est facilité par le processus d'expulsion du foetus. Il met également en jeu l'amygdale et plusieurs structures corticales, L'élevage des jeunes est une étape importante pour le succès reproductif des mammifères. La survie postnatale dépend de l'activation du comportement maternel et de l'orientation du comportement des nouveau-nés. Les déclencheurs du comportement maternel diffèrent entre les espèces, mais il existe certaines règles générales