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            <title xml:lang="fr">Impact écologique de la tempête et conséquences sur les cycles de l’eau et du carbone</title>
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              <persName>
                <forename type="first">Denis</forename>
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                <forename type="first">Marie</forename>
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            <idno type="halRefHtml">&lt;i&gt;Innovations Agronomiques&lt;/i&gt;, 2009, 6, pp.1-6. &lt;a target="_blank" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.17180/zy26-5r74"&gt;&amp;#x27E8;10.17180/zy26-5r74&amp;#x27E9;&lt;/a&gt;</idno>
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            <note type="commentary"> Colloque du 30 juin 2009 : Sylviculture, forêts et tempêtes</note>
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                <title xml:lang="fr">Impact écologique de la tempête et conséquences sur les cycles de l’eau et du carbone</title>
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                    <forename type="first">Denis</forename>
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                    <forename type="first">Marie</forename>
                    <surname>Guillot</surname>
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                <title level="j">Innovations Agronomiques</title>
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                <term xml:lang="en">bilan de carbone</term>
                <term xml:lang="en">pin maritime</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">bilan hydrique</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">tempête</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">dégat forestier</term>
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              <p>The physical constraints and the current management of the maritime Pine forest in Southwestern France, together with the land sharing with crops and urban areas make this forest particularly vulnerable to winter windstorms. These conditions explained most of the considerable damages brought about by recent storms in 1999 and 2009. The water and carbon cycles in forests damaged by winter windstorms have been profoundly affected following these major storms (“Martin” and “Klaus”). The stand evapotranspiration may be reduced by a factor of two, the duration of soil flooding in winter increased and runoff into surface network augmented. The net carbon balance of ecosystem can be reverted from a sink into a source due to canopy destruction and photosynthesis suppression, enhancement of soil carbon mineralisation and large surplus of biomass input into the soil. Indeed, the exceptional storms such as Lothar, Martin (1999), Gudrun (2005), Klaus (2009) or Katrina (2005) have weakened significantly the net carbon balance of Europe or US. Facing the uncertainty about the possible shortening of return time of severe storms in the future, it is wise to identify and evaluate the possible options for adapting the Landes de Gascogne forest to winter windstorms.</p>
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              <p>Le milieu physique et le régime sylvicole de la forêt de production de Pin maritime du Sud-Ouest ainsi que l’aménagement et le partage de l’espace rural concerné avec des cultures et les zones urbaines en forte croissance la rendent particulièrement vulnérable aux tempêtes et expliquent en partie l’intensité des dommages observés à la suite des tempêtes récentes. Le cycle de l’eau, l’hydrologie et le cycle du carbone des forêts endommagées par les tempêtes ont été considérablement modifiés par les épisodes Martin et Klaus. Leur évapotranspiration peut être diminuée de moitié, l’engorgement hivernal du sol accru et les écoulements vers les eaux de surface augmentés. Le bilan net de carbone de l’écosystème est inversé, les dommages subis pouvant transformer l’écosystème de puits en source de carbone en réduisant sa capacité de photosynthèse et en augmentant la minéralisation du carbone organique et la quantité de biomasse apportée au sol. Les tempêtes exceptionnelles comme Lothar, Martin, Gudrun, Klaus ou le cyclone Katrina ont ainsi affaibli très sensiblement le bilan net de carbone continental de l’Europe et des Etats-Unis, respectivement. Face à l’incertitude concernant l’aggravation du régime des tempêtes, il est donc prudent d’identifier et d’évaluer les différentes options d’adaptation des forêts du massif des Landes de Gascogne aux tempêtes.</p>
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