The genome of the domesticated apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.)
Riccardo Velasco
(1)
,
Andrey Zharkikh
(2)
,
Jason Affourtit
(3)
,
Amit Dhingra
(4)
,
Alessandro Cestaro
(1)
,
Ananth Kalyanaraman
(5)
,
Paolo Fontana
(1)
,
Satish K. Bhatnagar
(2)
,
Michela Troggio
(1)
,
Dmitry Pruss
(2)
,
Silvio Salvi
(1, 6)
,
Massimo Pindo
(1)
,
Paolo Baldi
(1)
,
Sara Castelleti
(1)
,
Marina Cavaiuolo
(1)
,
Giuseppina Coppola
(1)
,
Fabrizio Costa
(1)
,
Valentina Cova
(1)
,
Antonio Dal Ri
(1)
,
Vadim Goremykin
(1)
,
Matteo Komjanc
(1)
,
Sara Longhi
(1)
,
Pierluigi Magnago
(1)
,
Giulia Malacarne
(1)
,
Mickael Malnoy
(1)
,
Diego Micheletti
(1)
,
Marco Moretto
(1)
,
Michele Perazzolli
(1)
,
Azeddine Si-Ammour
(1)
,
Silvia Vezzulli
(1)
,
Elena Zini
(1)
,
Glenn Eldredge
(2)
,
Lisa M. Fitzgerald
(2)
,
Natalia Gutin
(2)
,
Jerry Lanchbury
(2)
,
Teresita Macalma
(2)
,
Jeff T. Mitchell
(2)
,
Julia Reid
(2)
,
Bryan Wardell
(2)
,
Chinnappa Kodira
(3)
,
Zhoutao Chen
(3)
,
Brian Desany
(3)
,
Faheem Niazi
(3)
,
Melinda Palmer
(3)
,
Tyson Koepke
(4)
,
Derick Jiwan
(4)
,
Scott Schaeffer
(4)
,
Vandhana Krishnan
(5)
,
Changjun Wu
(5)
,
Vu T. Chu
(7)
,
Stephen T. King
(7)
,
Jessica Vick
(7)
,
Quanzhou Tao
(8)
,
Amy Mraz
(8)
,
Aimee Stormo
(8)
,
Keith Stormo
(8)
,
Robert Bogden
(8)
,
Davide Ederle
(9)
,
Alessandra Stella
(9)
,
Alberto Vecchietti
(9)
,
Martin M. Kater
(10)
,
Simona Masiero
(11)
,
Pauline Lasserre - Zuber
(12)
,
Yves Lespinasse
(12)
,
Andrew C. Allan
(13)
,
Vincent Bus
(14)
,
David Chagné
(15)
,
Ross N. Crowhurst
(13)
,
Andrew P. Gleave
(13)
,
Enrico Lavezzo
(16)
,
Jeffrey A. Fawcett
(17, 18)
,
Sebastian Proost
(17, 18)
,
Pierre Rouzé
(17, 18)
,
Lieven Sterck
(17, 18)
,
Stefano Toppo
(19)
,
Barbara Lazzari
(9)
,
Roger P. Hellens
(13)
,
Charles Eric Durel
(12)
,
Alexander Gutin
(2)
,
Roger E. Bumgarner
(7)
,
Susan E. Gardiner
(15)
,
Mark Skolnick
(2)
,
Michael Egholm
(3)
,
Yves van de Peer
(17, 18)
,
Francesco Salamini
(1, 9)
,
Roberto Viola
(1)
1
IASMA -
Istituto Agrario di San Michele all'Adige
2 Myriad Genetics Inc.
3 454 Life Sciences
4 WSU - Washington State University
5 EECS - School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
6 UNIBO - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna = University of Bologna
7 Department of Microbiology
8 Amplicon Express Inc.
9 Parco Tecnologico Padano
10 Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
11 UNIMI - Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan
12 Unité mixte de recherche génétique et horticulture Genhort
13 Mt. Albert Research Centre
14 Hawke's Bay Research Centre
15 Palmerston North Research Centre
16 Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies
17 Flanders Institute for Biotechnology
18 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics
19 Unipd - Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua
2 Myriad Genetics Inc.
3 454 Life Sciences
4 WSU - Washington State University
5 EECS - School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
6 UNIBO - Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna = University of Bologna
7 Department of Microbiology
8 Amplicon Express Inc.
9 Parco Tecnologico Padano
10 Department of Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology
11 UNIMI - Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan
12 Unité mixte de recherche génétique et horticulture Genhort
13 Mt. Albert Research Centre
14 Hawke's Bay Research Centre
15 Palmerston North Research Centre
16 Department of Histology, Microbiology and Medical Biotechnologies
17 Flanders Institute for Biotechnology
18 Department of Plant Biotechnology and Genetics
19 Unipd - Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua
Sara Longhi
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 775205
- ORCID : 0000-0003-1086-0883
Michele Perazzolli
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 799312
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7218-9963
Alessandra Stella
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 769949
- ORCID : 0000-0003-2850-3964
Pauline Lasserre - Zuber
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1207501
- IdHAL : pauline-lasserre-zuber
- ORCID : 0009-0007-9975-6295
David Chagné
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 760093
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4018-0694
- IdRef : 077861949
Sebastian Proost
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 784270
- ORCID : 0000-0002-6792-9442
Lieven Sterck
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 770099
- ORCID : 0000-0001-7116-4000
Charles Eric Durel
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 747708
- IdHAL : charles-eric-durel
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3856-2837
- IdRef : 085273953
Yves van de Peer
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1361958
- ORCID : 0000-0003-4327-3730
- IdRef : 277522080
Résumé
We report a high-quality draft genome sequence of the domesticated apple (Malus x domestica). We show that a relatively recent (> 50 million years ago) genome-wide duplication (GWD) has resulted in the transition from nine ancestral chromosomes to 17 chromosomes in the Pyreae. Traces of older GWDs partly support the monophyly of the ancestral paleohexaploidy of eudicots. Phylogenetic reconstruction of Pyreae and the genus Malus, relative to major Rosaceae taxa, identified the progenitor of the cultivated apple as M. sieversii. Expansion of gene families reported to be involved in fruit development may explain formation of the pome, a Pyreae-specific false fruit that develops by proliferation of the basal part of the sepals, the receptacle. In apple, a subclade of MADS-box genes, normally involved in flower and fruit development, is expanded to include 15 members, as are other gene families involved in Rosaceae-specific metabolism, such as transport and assimilation of sorbitol.