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                <term xml:lang="fr">INFORMATION NUTRITIONNELLE</term>
                <term xml:lang="fr">FAT TAX</term>
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              <p>The WHO (World Health Organization) regards overweight and obesity as one of the major worldwide public health concerns. In France, according to the National Individual Survey on Food Consumers (INCA2 2006-2007), 38.9 % of men and 24.2 % of women are overweight and 11.6 % of men and women are obese. In 2002, according to the French Institute of Research in Health Economics (IRDES), the medical cost of obesity was estimated at between 1.5 and 4.6 % of health expenditure. The spread of obesity and its economic consequences led public authorities to think about measures to modify food consumption behaviours. By estimating a demand system, we assess the effect and relevance of a tax policy on food with high calories, fat and sugar content, called a “fat tax”. We show that the impact of this “fat tax” on purchases of food, nutrients and calories is weak. Its impact on body weight is also weak in the short run, but tends to increase in the long run. Lastly, while the “fat tax” generates high tax revenues, it mainly affects modest households.</p>
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              <p>L’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé considère le surpoids et l’obésité comme un des problèmes majeurs de santé publique dans le monde. En France, selon l’Enquête Individuelle et Nationale sur les Consommations Alimentaires (INCA2 2006-2007), 38,9 % des hommes et 24,2 % des femmes adultes sont en surpoids et 11,6 % des adultes hommes et femmes sont obèses. En 2002, le coût médical de l’obésité est estimé entre 1,5 et 4,6 % des dépenses de santé selon l’Institut de recherche et documentation en économie de la santé (IRDES). Le développement de l’obésité et ses répercussions économiques ont conduit les pouvoirs publics à s’interroger sur les mesures susceptibles de modifier les comportements de consommation alimentaire. En estimant un système de demande, on évalue l’influence et la pertinence d’une politique de taxation des aliments à fortes teneurs en calories, en graisses et en sucres, dénommée « fat tax ». Nous montrons que les effets de cette « fat tax » sur les achats d’aliments et sur les achats de calories et de nutriments qui en résultent sont faibles. Son influence sur le poids des individus à court terme est également faible, mais tend à augmenter dans le long terme. Enfin, si la « fat tax » génère d’importantes recettes fiscales, elle affecte plus les ménages modestes.</p>
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