T. J. Anchordoguy, A. S. Rudolph, J. F. Carpenter, and J. H. Crowe, Modes of interactions of cryoprotectants with membrane phospholipids during freezing, Cryobiology, vol.24, pp.324-331, 1987.

C. Béal and G. Corrieu, Viability and acidification activity of pure and mixed starters of Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus 404 and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus 398 at the different steps of their production, Lebensm. Wiss. Technol, vol.27, pp.86-92, 1994.

T. F. Bozoglu, M. Olzilgen, and U. Bakir, Survival kinetics of lactic starter cultures during and after freeze-drying, Enzyme Microbiol. Technol, vol.9, pp.531-537, 1987.

M. M. Brashears and S. E. Gilliland, Survival during frozen and subsequent refrigerated storage of Lactobacillus acidophilus cells as influenced by the growth phase, J. Dairy Sci, vol.78, pp.2326-2335, 1995.

M. Brennan, B. Wanismail, M. C. Johnson, and B. Ray, Cellular damage in dried Lactobacillus acidophilus, J. Food Prot, vol.49, pp.47-53, 1986.

H. P. Castro, P. M. Teixeira, and R. Kirby, Storage of lyophilised cultures of Lactobacillus bulgaricus under different relative humidities and atmospheres, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol, vol.44, pp.172-176, 1995.

H. P. Castro, P. M. Teixeira, and R. Kirby, Changes in the cell membrane of Lactobacillus bulgaricus during storage following freeze-drying, Biotechnol. Lett, vol.18, pp.99-104, 1996.

G. Corrieu, E. Spinnler, D. Picque, and Y. Jomier, Procédé de mise en évidence et de contrôle de l'activité acidifiante d'agents de fermentation dans des bains de fermentation et dispositif pour sa mise en oeuvre, INRA, Assignee. Fr. Pat. No, vol.88, p.4456, 1988.

F. Dionisi, P. A. Golay, M. Elli, and L. B. Fay, Stability of cyclopropane and conjugated linoleic acids during fatty acid quantification in lactic acid bacteria, Lipids, vol.34, pp.1107-1115, 1999.

Z. Drici-cachon, J. F. Cavin, and C. Divies, Effect of pH and age of culture on cellular fatty acid composition of Leuconostoc oenos, Lett. Appl. Microbiol, vol.22, pp.331-334, 1996.

F. Fonseca, C. Béal, and G. Corrieu, Method to quantify the loss of acidification activity of lactic acid starters during freezing and frozen storage, J. Dairy Res, vol.67, pp.83-90, 2000.

R. Foschino, E. Fiori, and A. Galli, Survival and residual activity of Lactobacillus acidophilus frozen cultures under different conditions, J. Dairy Res, vol.63, pp.295-303, 1996.

S. E. Gilliland and C. N. Rich, Stability during frozen and subsequent refrigerated storage of Lactobacillus acidophilus grown at different pH, J. Dairy Sci, vol.73, pp.1187-1192, 1990.

I. Goldberg and L. Eschar, Stability of lactic acid bacteria to freezing as related to their fatty acid composition, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, vol.33, pp.489-496, 1977.

G. Veld, A. J. Driessen, and W. N. Konings, Effect of unsaturation of phospholipid acyl chains on leucine transport of Lactococcus lactis and membrane permeability, Journal of Dairy Science, vol.1108, issue.11, pp.31-39, 1992.

E. P. Kets, P. J. Teunissen, and J. A. De-bont, Effect of compatible solutes on survival of lactic acid bacteria subjected to drying, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, vol.62, pp.259-261, 1996.

T. A. Krulwich and A. A. Guffanti, Physiology of acidophilic and alkalophilic bacteria, Adv. Microb. Physiol, vol.24, pp.173-214, 1983.

L. J. Linders, E. P. Kets, J. A. De-bont, and K. Van't-riet, Combined effect of growth and drying conditions on the activity of dried Lactobacillus plantarum, Biotechnol. Progress, vol.14, pp.537-539, 1998.

A. Lonvaud-funel and C. Desens, Constitution en acides gras des membranes des bactéries lactiques du vin, Incidences des conditions de culture. Sci. Aliment, vol.10, pp.817-829, 1990.

L. E. Mcgann, Differing actions of penetrating and non-penetrating cryoprotective agents, Cryobiology, vol.15, pp.382-390, 1978.

T. J. Mcintosh, Structure and physical properties of the lipid membrane, Curr. Top. Membr, vol.48, pp.23-47, 1999.

H. T. Meryman, Cryoprotective agents, Cryobiology, vol.8, pp.173-183, 1968.

C. Monnet, C. Béal, G. Corrieu-;-monteoliva-sanchez, M. , A. Ramos-cormenzana et al., The effect of salinity and compatible solutes on the biosynthesis of cyclopropane fatty acids in Pseudomonas halosaccharolytica, Pages 415-425 in Symp. S. F. M. Microbiologie industrielle et environnement, vol.139, pp.1877-1884, 1993.

M. Morice, P. Bracquart, and G. Linden, Colonial variation and freeze-thaw resistance of S. thermophilus, J. Dairy Sci, vol.75, pp.1197-1203, 1992.

P. Nikkilä, T. Johnsson, H. Rosenqvist, and L. Toivonen, Effect of pH on growth and fatty acid composition of Lactobacillus bü chneri and Lactobacillus fermentum, Appl. Biochem. Biotechnol, vol.59, pp.245-257, 1996.

J. Palmfeldt and B. Hahn-hä-gerdal, Influence of culture pH on survival of Lactobacillus reuteri subjected to freeze-drying, Int. J. Food Microbiol, vol.55, pp.235-238, 2000.

F. Rallu, A. Gruss, S. D. Erhlich, and E. Maguin, Acid-and multistress-resistant mutants of Lactococcus lactis: Identification of intracellular stress signals, Mol. Microbiol, vol.35, pp.517-528, 2000.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02684135

N. Rozès, S. Garbay, M. Denayrolles, and A. Lonvaud-funel, A rapid method for the determination of bacterial fatty acid composition, Lett. Appl. Microbiol, vol.17, pp.126-131, 1993.

J. Sajbidor, Effect of some environmental factors on the content and composition of microbial membrane lipids, Crit. Rev. Biotechnol, vol.17, pp.87-103, 1997.

P. Schmitt, A. G. Mathot, and C. Divies, Fatty acid composition of the genus Leuconostoc, Milchwissenschaft, vol.44, pp.556-558, 1989.

D. Simatos, G. Blond, M. L. Meste, and M. Morice, Conservation des bactéries lactiques par congélation et lyophilisation. Pages 555-573 in Bactéries Lactiques, 1994.

R. B. Smittle, S. E. Gilliland, M. L. Speck, and W. M. Walter, Relationship of cellular fatty acid composition to survival of Lactobacillus bulgaricus in liquid nitrogen, Appl. Microbiol, vol.27, pp.738-743, 1974.

M. Suutari and S. Laakso, Temperature adaptation in Lactobacillus fermentum: Interconversions of oleic, vaccenic and dihydrosterculic acids, J. Gen. Microbiol, vol.138, pp.445-450, 1992.

P. M. Teixeira, H. P. Castro, and R. Kirby, Evidence of membrane lipid oxidation of spray-dried Lactobacillus bulgaricus during storage, Lett. Appl. Microbiol, vol.22, pp.34-38, 1996.

R. K. Thunell, W. E. Sandine, and F. W. Bodyfelt, Frozen starters from internal pH control grown cultures, J. Dairy Sci, vol.67, pp.24-36, 1984.

R. P. Tracey and T. J. Britz, Cellular fatty acid composition of Leuconostoc oenos, J. Appl. Bacteriol, vol.66, pp.445-456, 1989.

T. Tsvetkov and I. Shishkova, Studies on the effects of low temperatures on lactic acid bacteria, Cryobiology, vol.19, pp.211-221, 1982.