The genus Staphylococcus is made up of 36 validated species which contain strains that are pathogenic, saprophytic, or used as starter cultures for the food industry. An oligonucleotide array targeting the manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase (sodA) gene was developed to overcome the drawbacks of the conventional methods of identification. Divergences of the sodA gene were used to design oligonucleotide probes, and we showed that each of the 36 species had a characteristic pattern of hybridization. To evaluate the array, we analyzed 38 clinical and 38 food or food plant Staphylococcus isolates identified by the phenotype-based system VITEK 2 (bioMerieux). This commercial kit failed to identify 8 (21%) of the clinical isolates and 32 (84%) of the food and food plant isolates. In contrast, the oligonucleotide array we designed provided an accurate and rapid method for the identification of staphylococcal strains, isolated from clinical, environmental, or food samples, at species level.