. Ackzell-l, A comparison of planting, sowing and natural regeneration for Pinus sylvestris (L.) in boreal Sweden, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.61, pp.229-245, 1993.

. Ackzell-l, Artificial Measures and Natural Forces in Regeneration of Pinus sylvestris L, Boreal Sweden. Invest. Agrar. Sist. Recur. For., Fuera de serie, vol.3, pp.133-140, 1994.

. Ackzell-l, Natural regeneration on planted Clear-Cuts in Boreal Sweden, Scand. J. For. Res, vol.9, pp.245-250, 1994.

. Ackzell-l and . Lindgren-d, Some Genetic Aspects of Human Intervention in Forest Regeneration: Considerations Based on Examples from an Experiment in Northern Sweden, Forestry, vol.67, issue.2, pp.133-148, 1994.

J. L. Aguirre, J. Álvarez-jiménez, C. Bartolomé, and . Peinado-m, Distribución y ecología de plántulas de Pinus sylvestris L, Studia Oecologica VIII, pp.119-125, 1991.

J. L. Aguirre, J. Álvarez-jiménez, C. Bartolomé, and . Peinado-m, Mortalidad de plántulas de haya (Fagus sylvatica L.) durante los meses de verano en el S. Central (España), 1991.

, Studia Oecologica VIII, pp.127-138

. Agúndez-d, . M. Galera-r, S. Martín, and . Díez-r, Emergencia supervivencia y crecimiento en vivero de 16 procedencias de Pinus sylvestris L. en vivero, Montes, vol.28, pp.56-58, 1992.

. Andrzejczyk-t and H. Zybura, Scots pine-unknown species? The possibility of utilizing old Scots pine understorey, Las-Polski, vol.55, issue.11, pp.8-9, 1981.

. Ballester-a, . M. Vieitez-a, and . Vieitez-e, Allelopathic potential of Erica vagans, Calluna vulgaris and Daboecia cantabrica, Journal of Chemical Ecology, vol.8, issue.5, pp.851-857, 1982.

. Bealmont-d, . Dugan-d, . Evans-g, and . Taylor-s, Deer management and tree regeneration in the RSPB reserve at Abernethy Forest, Scottish Forestry, vol.49, issue.3, pp.155-161, 1995.

J. Bergan, Foryngelse av furuskog i Troms og Finmark. NISK, Rapport N°10/81, vol.69, p.pp, 1981.

J. Bergan, Bestandsdata for naturlig gjenvekst og plantning av gran pa en smabregnetype i Grane i Nordland, 1985.

. Boodez-d and . Oling-a, A practical method for assessing the suitability of natural regeneration for the production of sawtimber, Nederlands-Bobouwtijdschrift, vol.62, issue.8, pp.282-286, 1990.

. C. Booth-t, Natural regeneration in the native pinewoods of Scotland. A review of principles and practice, Scottish Forestry, vol.38, issue.1, pp.33-42, 1984.

D. B. Botkin, Forest Dynamics. An Ecological Model, vol.309, p.pp, 1993.

. Boyd-m, Natural Regeneration of Loblolly Pine, USDA Forest Service, Southeastern Forest Experiment Station, vol.17, p.pp, 1987.

. Carballeira-a, Phenolic inhibitors in Erica australis L. and in associated soil, J. Chem. Ecol, vol.6, pp.593-596, 1980.

A. M. Carvalho-oliveira, Teoria da produçao florestal, Centro de Estudos Florestais, vol.2, p.531, 1985.

. Ceballos-l and T. J. Ruiz-de-la, , vol.512, p.pp, 1979.

A. Clark-iii and J. R. Saucier, Influence of planting density, intensive culture, geographic location, and species on juvenile wood formation in Southern Pine, Georgia Forest Research Paper, vol.85, p.pp, 1991.

C. L. Saenz-de-buruaga-m, Impacto del escodado por Cérvidos en la vegetación de los montaña Cantábrica Meridional, Invest. Agrar. Sist. Recur. For, vol.3, issue.2, pp.183-198, 1994.

. H. Dolling-a, Interference of bracken (Pteridium aquilinum L. Kuhn.) with Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Norway spruce (Picea abies L. Karst.) seedling establishment, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.88, issue.3, pp.227-237, 1996.

J. Dones, . Montero-g, . Madrigal-a, and . Cabrera-m, Study and Characterization of Pinus sylvestris L. Regeneration in "Pinar de Valsaín, Forest. Invest. Agrar. Sist. Recur. For., Fuera, vol.3, pp.141-149, 1994.

D. K. Edenius-l and . Nyquist, Effects of simulated moose browsing on growth, mortality, and fecundity in Scots pine: relations to plant productivity, Can. J. For. Res, vol.25, pp.529-535, 1995.

F. E. Egler, Vegetation science concepts: I. Initial Floristic composition: A factor in old-field vegetation development, vol.4, pp.412-417, 1954.

. I. Fedorova-a, . A. Stepen-r, and G. K. Zrazhevskaya, Physiologically active components of exometabolites of conifers, Alleopathy and productivity of plants. Grodzinskii, pp.109-114, 1990.

. E. Ferguson-d and . J. Boyd-r, Bracken Fern Inhibition of Conifer Regeneration in Northern Idaho, USDA Forest Service, vol.12, p.pp, 1988.

. I. Fernández-golfin-j and M. R. Diez, Influencia de la anchura del anillo de crecimiento en la densidad y otras propiedades físico-mecánicas de la madera estructural de diversas especies, Invest. Agrar. Sist. Recur. For, vol.3, issue.2, pp.211-219, 1994.

F. J. Boyd-m and P. M. Dougherty, Natural and artificial pine regeneration in the Georgia piedmont: how species composition is affected by management and regeneration techniques, Seventh Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, pp.327-332, 1993.

A. García, C. A. Grande-ortiz-m, and . Vega-p, The Transformation on Even-aged Forest in the Pinus sylvestris Public Lands of Cercedilla and Navacerrada, Invest. Agrar. Sist. Recur. For., Fuera, vol.3, pp.193-207, 1994.

. H. Gjerstad-d, . R. Nelson-l, and J. H. Dukes, Growth response and physiology of tree seedlings as affected by weed control, Seedling Physiology and Reforestatio Success, pp.247-257, 1984.

Y. L. Gong, . D. Swaine-m, and H. G. Miller, Effects of Fencing and Ground Preparation on Natural Regeneration of Native Pinewood over 12 years in Glen Tanar, Forestry, vol.64, issue.2, pp.157-168, 1991.

. C. González-martínez-s and . Bravo-f, Estudio y caracterización de la regeneración natural del pino silvestre (Pinus sylvestris L.) en masas forestales del Alto Valle del Ebro, Actas del II Congreso Forestal Español, 1997.

. González-vázquez-e, Regeneración de los montes de especies de luz, Revista de Montes, Tomo, vol.50, pp.297-357, 1926.

. Granström-a and . Fries-c, Depletion of viable seeds in the forest floor after clearcutting, J. For, vol.68, pp.776-778, 1985.

. Greig-smith-p, Quantitative Plant Ecology, vol.256, p.pp, 1983.

. Gullberg-v, . Yazdani-r, and . Nyman-n, Allozyme variation in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) in Sweden, Silvae Genetica, vol.34, pp.193-201, 1985.

H. P. Kellomäki, S. Mäkelä-a, P. Ilonen, M. Kanninen, E. Korpilahti et al., Metsikön varhaiskehityksen dynamiikka. [Dynamic of Early Development of Tree Stands, Acta For. Fenn, vol.177, pp.1-42, 1982.

J. L. Harper, Population Biology of Plants, Fröspridning över kalhyggen. MSS, vol.892, p.27, 1934.

. Hohtola-a, Somatic embryogenesis in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), In: Somatic Embryogenesis in Woody Plants, vol.17, pp.269-285, 1995.

H. Hytteborn, J. R. Packham, and . Verwijst-t, Tree populations dynamics, stand structure and species composition in the montane virgin forest of Vallibäcken, northern Sweden. Vegetatio, vol.72, pp.3-19, 1987.

J. E. , Extent of Naturally and Artificially Regenerated Young Growth Stands according to results from the Swedish National Forest Survey, Invest. Agrar. Sist. Recur. For., Fuera de serie, vol.3, pp.39-49, 1994.

J. E. Bergman-f, B. Elfving, J. Falck, and . Lundqvist-l, Natural regeneration of pine and spruce. Proposal for a research program, vol.67, p.pp, 1989.

. Kellomäki-s and . Kolström-m, Simulation of tree species composition and organic matter accumulation in Finnish boreal forest under changing climatic conditions, vol.102, pp.47-68, 1992.

. Kellomäki-s and H. Väisänen, Model computations on the impact of changing climate on natural regeneration of Scots pine in Finland, Can J. For. Res, vol.25, pp.929-942, 1995.

. Kellomäki-s, H. Hänninen, T. Kolström, . Kotisaari-a, and . Pukkala-t, A tentative model for describing the effects of some regenerative processes on the properties of natural seedling stands, Silva Fennica, vol.21, issue.1, pp.1-10, 1987.

. Kinnunen-k, Combination on Natural and Artificial Seeding in Regeneration of Scots Pine, Invest. Agrar. Sist. Recur. For., Fuera de serie, vol.3, pp.125-132, 1994.

. Kolström-t, Modelling early development of a planted pine stand: An application of objectoriented programming, For. Ecol. Manage, vol.42, pp.63-77, 1991.

. Koning-e and . Baumann-b, The influence of ree deer browsing on the natural regeneration of mixed forest stands, Allgemeine-Forst-und-Jeydzeitung, vol.161, issue.9, pp.170-176, 1990.

. Koski-v, A study of pollen dispersal as a mechanism of gene flow in Conifers, Comm. Inst. For. Fenn, vol.70, issue.4, pp.1-78, 1970.

. Koski-v, Generative reproduction and genetic processes in nature, Genetics of Scots pine. Giertych M., Mátyás Cs, pp.59-73, 1991.

. Kupila-ahvenniemi-s, Wintertime changes in the fine structure and the ribosome content of the buds of Scots pine. In: Plant Production in the North, pp.171-180, 1985.

. Kuuluvainen-t, . J. Hokkanen-t, E. Järvinen, and . Pukkala-t, Factors related teseedling growth in a boreal Scots pine stand: a spatial analysis of a vegetation-soil system, Can. J. For. Res, vol.23, pp.2101-2109, 1993.

. M. Larson-m and G. H. Schubert, USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experiment Station, RM-54, vol.12, p.pp, 1969.

H. Leibundgut and J. Schlegel, Silvicultural studies in montane Scots pine stands in the Swiss National Park. Schweizerische-Zeitschrift-fur-Forstwesen, vol.136, pp.945-955, 1985.

M. Leikola and . Kotisaari-a, How to study natural regenertion. IUFRO Working Groups SI.01-2 & SI.05-08, Mountain Silviculture in the Southern Alps, pp.1-5, 1989.

L. P. , Humus brut et régénération du pin sylvestre en forêt de Haguenau. Revie Forestière Française, Avril, vol.1961, issue.4, pp.251-263, 1961.

. J. Low-a, Scarification as an aid to natural regeneration in the Glen Tanar native pinewood, Scottish Forestry, vol.42, issue.1, pp.15-20, 1988.

L. N. , Analysis of a natural regeneration of Scots pine forest in the High Campine after a fire, Silva Gandavensis, vol.53, pp.3-28, 1988.

H. Lyr, Effect of root temperature on growth parameters of various European tree species, Ann. Sci. For, vol.53, pp.317-323, 1996.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00883054

, Anuario de estadística agraria 1992. Madrid, MAPA, vol.679, p.pp, 1994.

. Martín-s and . Agúndez-d, Crecimiento y floración de Pinus sylvestris L. en un huerto semillero clonal, Montes, vol.28, pp.46-48, 1992.

. A. Martín-t, . F. Wittwer-r, M. M. Huebschmann, and . B. Lynch-t, Influence of residual shortleaf pine seed trees on height of regeneration, Sixth Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, pp.376-383, 1990.

J. D. Matthews, Silvicultural Systems, vol.284, p.pp, 1989.

. G. Matney-t and J. D. Hodges, Evaluating Regeneration Success, pp.321-331, 1991.

. Mátyás-cs, Seed Orchards, Genetics of Scots pine. Giertych M., Mátyás Cs, pp.125-147, 1991.

. I. Molotkov-p and . N. Patlaj-i, Sistematic position within the genus Pinus and intraspecific taxonomy, Genetics of Scots pine. Giertych M., Mátyás Cs, pp.31-41, 1991.

. Montero-g, Primera Revisión del Proyecto de Ordenación del monte "Cabeza de Hierro, p.140, 1987.

. Montero-g, Aspectos ecológicos y productivos de la selvicultura, Ecología, vol.6, pp.111-121, 1992.

. Montero-g, Generalities on silviculture of Pinus sylvestris L, Spain. Invest. Agrar. Sist. Recur. For., Fuera de serie, vol.3, pp.251-259, 1994.

. Monteuuis-o and C. Barnéoud, Vegetative propagation, Genetics of Scots pine. Giertych M., Mátyás Cs, pp.163-173, 1991.

J. M. Morillo, Estudio de las causas que limitan la regeneración natural del Pinus sylvestris L. en el cuartel "D" del monte Cabeza de, p.307, 1987.

. Muona-o, . Harju-a, and . Kärkkäinen-k, Genetic Comparison of Natural and Nursery Grown Seedlings of Pinus sylvestris Using Allozymes, Scand J. For. Res, vol.3, pp.37-46, 1988.

P. Niemistö, E. Lappalainen, and . Isomäki-a, Growth of Scots pine seed bearers and the development of seedlings during a regeneration period, Folia Forestalia, vol.26, p.pp, 1993.

. Nilsson-u and . Albrektson-a, Growth and self-thinning in two young Scots pine stands planted at different initial densities, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.68, issue.2-3, pp.209-215, 1994.

. R. Núñez-m and . Calvo-l, Efecto de la temperatura en la germinación de Pinus sylvestris y Pinus halepensis, Actas del II Congreso Forestal Español, 1997.

. Oker-blom-p, S. Kellomäki, and . Valtonen-e, Structural Development of Pinus sylvestris Stands with Varying Initial Density: a Simulation Model, Scand. J. For. Res, vol.3, pp.185-200, 1988.

. D. Oliver-c and . C. Larson-b, Forest Stand Dynamics, vol.520, p.pp, 1996.

. Oosterbaan-a, Results of Trial with Natural Regeneration of Pinus sylvestris in the Netherlands, Invest. Agrar. Sist. Recur. For., Fuera de serie, vol.3, pp.149-153, 1994.

. Persson-b, . Persson-a, . G. St-hl-e, and . Karlmats-u, Wood quality of Pinus sylvestris progenies at various spacings. Forest Ecology and Management, vol.76, pp.127-138, 1995.

. G. Prokushkin-s, . N. Karerzina-l, and L. S. Klinova, Effect of the root exometabilites of Scots pine trees on the mineral nutrition of regeneration, Lesovedenie, vol.3, pp.55-59, 1989.

. Pukkala-t, Simulation model for natural regeneration of Pinus sylvestris, Picea abies, Betula pendula and Betula pubescens, Silva Fennica, vol.21, issue.1, pp.37-53, 1987.

. Pukkala-t, Kuusen ja männyn siemensadon ennustemalli, Silva Fennica, vol.21, issue.2, pp.135-144, 1987.

. Pukkala-t and . Kolström-t, A Stochastic Spatial Regeneration Model for Pinus sylvestris, Scand J. For Res, vol.7, pp.377-385, 1992.

D. E. Radaelli-l and . Cenci-a, Influenza del contenuto di tannini nel suelo sulla germinazione di semi di pianti forestali, Italia Forestale e Montana, vol.50, issue.5, pp.505-521, 1995.

S. R. Radosevich, Interference between Greenleaf Manzanita (Arctostaphylos patula) and Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), Seedling Physiology and Reforestatio Success, pp.259-270, 1984.

. L. Rathbun-s and . Cressie-n, A Space-Time Survival Point Process for a Longleaf Pine Forest in Southern Georgia, Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol.89, issue.428, pp.1164-1174, 1994.

. Rojo-a and . Montero-g, El pino silvestre en la Sierra de Guadarrama. MAPA, Madrid, 293 pp. ROJO SAINZ F., 1977. Fotología forestal y ordenación, vol.187, pp.31-34, 1996.

D. A. Rook, Seedling development and physiology in relation to mineral nutrition, Mineral nutrition of Conifer Seedlings. Driessche R. van den, pp.85-111, 1991.

. V. Rubio-l, Estudio de las causas que limitan la regeneración natural del Pinus sylvestris L. en el cuartel "B" del monte Cabeza de, vol.380, 1987.

. Rudin-d, O. Muona, and . Yazdani-r, Comparison of the mating system of Pinus sylvestris in natural stands and seed orchards, Hereditas, vol.104, pp.15-19, 1986.

. Saksa-t, Natural regeneration on prepared areas. Some reason for the variation, Invest. Agrar. Sist. Recur. For., Fuera de serie, vol.3, pp.231-240, 1994.

. Saksa-t, J. Nerg, and J. Tuovinen, The condition of 3-to-8-year-old Scots pine and Norway Spruce plantations, Folia-Forestlia, vol.753, pp.1-30, 1990.

. Santos-m, Estudio de las causas que limitan la regeneración natural del Pinus sylvestris L. en el cuartel "E" del monte Cabeza de, p.380, 1987.

. Sarvas-r, Investigations on the flowering and seed crop of Pinus sylvestris, Commun. Inst. For. Fenn, vol.53, issue.4, pp.1-198, 1962.

. Sarvas-r, The annual period of development of forest trees, Proc. Finn. Acad. Sci. Lett, pp.211-231, 1965.

. Schepper-(de)-c, Typology of the natural regeneration in a middle-aged Scots Pine Forest, Silva Gandavensis, vol.53, pp.29-60, 1988.

. Serrada-r, S. Lerena, and M. I. Resco, El problema de la regeneración natural de Pinus nigra Arn, Montes, vol.36, pp.52-57, 1994.

. G. Shelton-m and . A. Murphy-p, Pine regeneration and understorey vegetation 1 year after implementing uneven-aged silviculture in pine-hardwood stands of silty uplands of Mississippi, Seventh Biennial Southern Silvicultural Research Conference, pp.333-341, 1993.

H. Sundkvist, Extent and Causes of Mortality in Pinus sylvestris Advance Growth in Northern Sweden Following Overstorey Removal, Scand. J. For. Res, vol.9, pp.158-164, 1994.

J. M. Sykes, Caledonian pinewood regeneration: progress after sixteen years of enclosure at Coille Coire Chuilc, Perthshire. Arboricultural Journal, vol.16, issue.1, pp.61-67, 1992.

J. M. Sykes and . D. Horrill-a, Natural regeneration in a Caledonian pinewood: progress after eight years of enclosure at Coille Coire Chuilc, Perthshire. Arboricultural-Journal, vol.9, issue.1, pp.13-24, 1985.

J. Szwagrzyk, Small-scale spatial patterns of trees in a mixed Pinus sylvestris-Fagus sylvatica forest, vol.51, pp.301-315, 1992.

. W. Tinus-r and P. W. Owston, Physiology research made forestation with container-grown seedlings successful, Seedling Physiology and Reforestatio Success, pp.143-156, 1984.

M. Toribio and J. A. Pardos, II.1. Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry, vol.5, pp.480-506, 1989.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-01862977

. P. Ushatin-i, . G. Aver'yanov-p, and D. N. Momonov, Natural regenertion of Scots pine stands in Buzuluk forest. Lesovodstvo, -Lesnye-Kul'tury-i-Pochvovedenie, vol.10, pp.23-29, 1981.

. Uusvaara-o, Wood quality in planation-growth Scots pine, Commun. Inst. For. Fenn, vol.80, pp.1-105, 1974.

. Valinger-e, L. Lundquist, and . Sundberg-b, Mechanical bending stress applied during dormancy and growth stimulates stem diameter growth of Scots pine seedling, Can. J. For. Res, vol.25, issue.6, pp.886-890, 1995.

. Vonsydow-f and G. Orlander, The influence of shelterwood density on Hylobius abietis (L.) ocurrence and feedding on planted conifers, Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, vol.9, issue.4, pp.367-375, 1994.

. Yazdani-r and . Lindgren-d, Gene Dispersion after Natural Regeneration under a Widely-Spaced Seed-Tree Stand of Pinus sylvestris, Silvae Genetica, vol.41, issue.1, pp.1-5, 1992.

. Yazdani-r, . Lindgren-d, and . Stewart-s, Gene Dispersion within a Population of Pinus sylvestris, Scand. J. For. Res, vol.4, pp.295-306, 1989.

. Zackrisson-o and . C. Nilsson-m, Allelopathic effects by Empetrum hermaphroditum on seed germination of two boreal tree species, Can. J. For. Res, vol.22, pp.1310-1319, 1992.

. Zaleski-a and . Gozdalik-m, Standard sizes of embryo and endosperm of Scots pine in Poland and their significance for assessment of seed vitality, Instytutu Bachwczago Lesnictwa, pp.47-60, 1994.

J. Zel, Micropropagation of Pinus sylvestris L, Micropropagation of Woody Plants. Ahuja M.R, pp.347-365, 1993.

. S. Zyabchenko-s, . M. Zagural'skaya-l, and I. P. Lazareva, Dynamics of the ecological processes on extensive clear-felled areas in northern Karelia, URSS. Lesovedenie, vol.3, pp.3-10, 1988.