. Anonyme, Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986 : ethical review process, Anim. Welf, vol.7, pp.318-319, 1998.

P. Bateson, When to experiment on animals. Conflicts of interest between experimenters and their critics might be resolved by weighing up the degree of suffering againts the value of the research, New Scientist, pp.30-32, 1986.

P. Bateson, Assessment of pain in animals, Anim. Behav, vol.42, pp.827-839, 1991.

A. Boissy, Fear and fearfulness in determining behavior, Genetics and the Behavior of Domestic Animals, pp.67-111, 1998.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02841423

A. Boissy, L. Neindre, and P. , Behavioral, cardiac and cortisol responses to brief peer separation and reunion in cattle, Physiol. Behav, vol.61, pp.693-699, 1997.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02686230

D. M. Broom, Applications of neurobiological studies to farm animal welfare, Biology of Stress in Farm Animals: An Integrative Approach, pp.101-110, 1987.

H. Brugère, J. Laurent, L. Bars, D. Malhouy, G. Milhaud et al., Expérimentation Animale -Mode d'emploi. INSERM, vol.153, p.p, 1992.

C. R. Chapman, K. L. Casey, R. Dubner, K. M. Foley, R. H. Gracely et al., Pain measurement: an overview, Pain, vol.22, pp.1-31, 1985.

, Manuel sur le soin et l'utilisation des animaux d'expérimentation. 2 volumes de 232 p. chacun. Disponible auprès du Conseil Canadien de Protection des Animaux, pp.315-350, 1993.

. Consortium, Disponible auprès de : Agricultural Animal care guide, Division of agriculture, National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges, Suite, vol.710, 1191.

R. Dantzer, Psychobiologie des émotions, Neurobiologie des Comportements, 1984.

R. Dantzer and P. Mormède, Le Stress en Elevage Intensif, vol.117, 1979.

R. Dantzer and P. Mormède, Influence du mode d'élevage sur le comportement et l'activité hypophyso-corticosurrénalienne du porcelet, Reprod. Nutr. Dev, vol.21, pp.661-670, 1981.

R. M. Dotson, Clinical neurophysiology laboratory tests to assess the nociceptive system in humans, J. clin. Neurophysiol, vol.14, pp.32-45, 1997.

Y. Espmark and R. Langvatn, Cardiac responses in alarmed red deer calves, Behav. Processes, vol.4, pp.179-186, 1979.

M. S. Fanselow, Shock-induced analgesia on the formalin test: effects of shock severity, naloxone, hypophysectomy, and associative variables, Behav. Neurosci, vol.98, pp.79-95, 1984.

J. M. Faure and A. D. Mills, Bien-être et comportement chez les oiseaux domestiques, INRA Prod. Anim, vol.8, pp.57-67, 1995.

T. H. Friend, F. C. Gwazdauskas, and C. E. Polan, Change in adrenal response from free stall competition, J. Dairy Sci, vol.62, pp.768-771, 1979.

G. D. Gamaro, M. H. Xavier, J. D. Denardin, J. A. Pilger, D. R. Ely et al., The effects of acute and repeated restraint stress on the nociceptive response in rats, Physiol. Behav, vol.63, pp.693-697, 1998.

R. E. Greenfield, C. A. Kronman, and D. H. Moore, Reducing animal research at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Animal Welfare Information Center Newsletter, vol.8, pp.6-7

, Groupe de Réflexion Interprofessionnel sur les Comités d'Ethique (GRICE, 6 pl. Tristan Bernard, 75017 Paris), 1992. Charte des comités d'éthique appliquée à l'expérimentation animale, vol.1

R. Guillemin, T. Vargo, J. Rossier, S. Minick, N. Ling et al., 1977. ß-endorphin and adrenocorticotropin are secreted concomitantly, Science, vol.197, pp.1367-1368

, The Ethical Review Process. 3p. (disponible auprès du Home Office, Constitutional & community Polcy directorate, animals, Byelaws & Coroner Unit, 50 Queen Anne's gate, SW1H 9AT), 1998.

C. J. Janssens, F. A. Helmond, and V. M. Wiegant, Chronic stress and pituitary-adrenocortical responses to corticotropin-releasing hormone and vasopressin in female pigs, Eur. J. Endocrinology, vol.132, pp.479-486, 1995.

M. Laroche and F. Rousselet, Les animaux de laboratoire : éthique et bonnes pratiques, vol.393, 1990.

L. Podolsky, M. Lukas, and V. S. , The Care and Feeding of an Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, 0200.

D. C. Lay, T. H. Friend, C. L. Bowers, K. K. Grissom, and O. C. Jenkins, A comparative physiological and behavioral study of freeze and hot-iron branding using dairy cows, J. Anim. Sci, vol.70, pp.1121-1125, 1992.

S. J. Ley, A. Livingston, and A. E. Waterman, The effect of chronic clinical pain on thermal and mechanical thresholds in sheep, Pain, vol.39, pp.353-357, 1989.

A. Linzey, Animal Theology, vol.214, 1994.

M. D. Mann, D. A. Crouse, and E. D. Prentice, Appropriate Animal Numbers in Biomedical Research in Light of Animal Welfare Considerations, Lab. Anim. Sci, vol.41, pp.6-14, 1991.

. Ministère-de-la-recherche, . De-la-technologie, C. Cnrs, and I. Curie, , 1992.

, L'expérimentation animale : son rôle et son apport dans le recherche biomédicale. Dossier édité par le Ministère de la Recherche et de la Technologie

V. Monamy, Animal Experimentation: A Student Guide to Balancing the Issues. Australian and New Zealand Council for the Care of Animals in Research and Teaching, vol.56, 1996.

P. Mormède, R. Dantzer, P. Montpied, R. M. Bluthé, E. Laplante et al., Influence of shock-induced fighting and social factors on pituitary-adrenal activity, prolactin and catecholamine synthesizing enzymes in rats, Physiol. Behav, vol.32, pp.723-729, 1984.

D. B. Morton and P. H. Griffiths, Guidelines on the recognition of pain, distress and discomfort in experimental animals and an hypothesis for assessment, Vet. Rec, vol.116, pp.431-436, 1985.

, Australian code of practice for the care and use of animals for scientific purposes, vol.74, 1997.

F. B. Orlans, Research protocol review for animal welfare, Invest. Radiol, vol.22, pp.253-258, 1987.

R. F. Parrott and S. N. Thornton, Opioid influences on pituitary function in sheep under basal conditions and during psychological stress, Psychoneuroendocrinology, vol.14, pp.451-459, 1989.

L. Pifer, K. Shimizu, and R. Pifer, Public attitudes towards animal research: some international comparisons, Society and Animals, pp.95-113, 1994.

T. Poole and R. Robinson, The care and management of laboratory animals. Longman scientific and technical, vol.933, 1986.

D. G. Porter, Ethical scores for animal experiments, Nature, vol.356, pp.101-102, 1992.

J. Rushen, A. Boissy, C. Terlouw, and A. M. De-passillé, Opioid peptides and dairy cows' behavioural and physiological responses to social isolation in unfamiliar surroundings, J. Anim. Sci, 1999.

P. Singer, Ethics and animals, Behav. Brain Res, vol.13, pp.45-49, 1990.

P. Svensson, P. Bjerring, L. Arendt-nielsen, J. C. Nielsen, and S. Kaaber, Comparison of four laser types for experimental pain stimulation on oral mucosa and hairy skin, Lasers Surg. Med, vol.11, pp.313-337, 1991.

I. Veissier, P. Chazal, P. Pradel, L. Neindre, and P. , Providing social contacts and objects for nibbling moderates reactivity and oral behaviors in veal calves, J. Anim. Sci, vol.75, pp.356-365, 1997.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02698244

J. M. Watts and J. M. Stookey, Effects of restraint and handling on rates and acoustic parameters of vocalization in beef cattle, Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci, vol.62, pp.125-135, 1999.