A low input high density mulberry forage bank contributing to the autonomy of a beef cattle farm in Ariège (France)
Résumé
Achieving the forage autonomy is a huge step in the goal of agroecological transition of farming systems. It’s a priority in the current context of climate change, economic crises and the fluctuations of prices in raw materials and concentrates used for livestock supplementation. The objective was to evaluate, under the conditions of Ariège (France) a high density mulberry (Morus alba; 25 000 plants/ha) forage production technology, previously evaluated with very good results in tropics (see references). In collaboration with a voluntary farmer, a 0.2 ha pilot paddock was planted under real life beef cattle production, after previous conventional soil preparation and early stage plant growth in a nursery phase. A monthly monitoring was scheduled during the first-establishment year (i.e. from planting in April 2017 to the first-harvest –standardization cut-, in April 2018). Afterwards, the distribution to animals started. Mulching with on-farm produced straw between rows, and manure allowed efficient weed control and organic fertilization, with a zero-input approach. The plant growth and survival, biomass yield (total and edible forage) as well as its nutritive value and cattle voluntary intake are promising. The first results in agronomic and animal performance demonstrate the feasibility of establishing this technology under temperate conditions with this fodder specie, widely distributed in Europe. However, further efforts are required and the study will continue.