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, To improve potential yield prediction through crop simulation modeling. MATERIALS AND METHODS ? Assemble existing agro-ecological/alfalfa zone maps from scientific literature and seed companies. ? Review yield data and expert recommendations from field trial data in each alfalfa production zone. ? Create logistic response functions for T-min and T-max parameterized for each cultivar class. ? Develop suitability maps using GIS layers and response functions and validate in each growing zone. ? Develop seasonal and annual yield maps from APSIMX-Lucerne crop model and verify from yield data. ? Create extension and journal manuscripts and web-based materials for cultivar selection. ? Conduct professional development workshops for outreach personnel. RESULTS ? Collaborators identified for USA, PRC, New Zealand, and Australia. ? Project planning sessions held at national and international forage meetings. ? Quantitative tolerances developed and mapped for example FD/WSI class. ? Logistic functions parameterized for 8 clover species demonstrated the improved approach to be used. ? Prototype selection process flowchart and web application developed. ? APSIMX-Lucerne crop simulation model shows good agreement between predicted and observed values. CONCLUSIONS This project will: (1) connect alfalfa scientists and seed industry specialists in several countries leading to faster, more efficient research progress, GIS INTRODUCTION: There are hundreds of alfalfa cultivars within 11 fall dormancy (FD) and 6 winter survival index (WSI) classifications, vol.3, pp.660-667, 2005.
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, Growth and phenological development patterns differ between seedling and regrowth lucerne crops (Medicago sativa L.), European J. Agron, vol.35, issue.1, pp.47-55, 2011.
,
, *jorge.ivelic@inia.cl Yield gap analysis of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) in the Argentinian Pampas Jáuregui, Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias INIA Kampenaike
, The profitability of dairy systems in the Argentinian Pampas could increase by reducing the lucerne yield gap in these environments. OBJECTIVES: to explore potential and actual lucerne yields and consumption levels to identify, in the future, the main drivers that could reduce production and utilisation losses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was conducted to identify gaps between current and potential production and consumption of lucerne pastures on dairy farms in the Argentinian Pampas. RESULTS: The world record for lucerne yield is from Yuma Valley, Arizona (USA), with ~59 t ha -1 . Such yield was achieved under potential conditions: arid climate, sandy soils with irrigation (~9400 mm), high fertilisation (515 kg P2O5 ha -1 and 570 kg N ha -1 ) and under cutting. In Argentina, considering only maximum short-term growth rates (which occur in spring) and full irrigation, lucerne yield could potentially reach 47 t ha -1 . However, low temperatures and short photoperiods reduce aerial biomass accumulation, Australia * josemartinjauregui@gmail.com KEYWORDS: Yield potential, 2013.
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, Avances en Alfalfa. Ensayos territoriales. EEA Manfredi-INTA, Año 26 -Nº 26, vol.86, 2016.
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,
, On each plot, 3 images were taken with a cell phone using Canopeo. The cell phone was held ~1 m above the canopy and pictures were taken at a straight angle. Simultaneously, light interception was measured with a Line Quantum Sensor (LI-Cor LI190SA) by making one measurement above and 4 measurements below the canopy per plot. On the same spots where images were taken and light interception was measured, lucerne biomass was determined. This was done by cutting to ground level a 1.5m 2 area in each plot. Samples were forced-oven dried (65°C) until constant weight. Linear regression models were constructed to determine the capability of Canopeo to predict biomass and light interception of alfalfa crops. Models were evaluated using ttest analysis (?=0.05) and their goodness of fit, ecophysiological studies. Traditional methods to measure light interception require using expensive equipment with little portability (i.e. LI-190SA, AccuPAR, SunScan), 2017.
, In the case of light interception, Canopeo was also able to predict values with very good accuracy without the need to consider seasons, RESULTS: The overall goodness of fit for biomass was 0.86 for Spring & Summer (y=22.44X) and 0.77 for Autumn & Winter (y=-1361.5+30.4X) (p<0.05, Figure 1a)
, Robust methods for measurement of leaf-cover area and biomass from image data, Weed Science, vol.59, pp.276-284, 2011.
, Shoot and root biomass of lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) were affected by sowing dates and inoculation treatments, Agronomy Journal, vol.107, pp.2312-2320, 2015.
, This experiment tested the effects of different sowing dates from summer into autumn and different inoculation treatments. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to understand how different sowing dates and inoculation treatments affected crop physiological responses during the seedling stage and for the first two growing seasons. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A field experiment with rainfed 'Force 4' (fall dormancy 4) lucerne was established as a split plot design with three replicates at Lincoln University, soils with no previous history of lucerne, positive effects of inoculation have been reported, vol.7647, p.3, 2011.
, Root biomass was higher (P<0.05) from early sowing dates, but by the end of the experiment all treatments had >3 t ha -1 of perennial biomass. Inoculation increased (P<0.05) shoot yield by 40% compared with the uninoculated control (16.6±0.1 vs. 13±0.2) in the first year. Bare seed treatments fixed 50% less (P<0.05) nitrogen during the winter and early spring of 2012. This was linked to less nodulation and reduced nitrogen content in shoots of the uninoculated treatment. However, after late spring, nitrogen fixation was similar among all treatments. This was probably linked to the presence of a small proportion (~18%) of RR128 strains in nodules from the bare seed treatment, as indicated from DNA analysis. Same analysis also showed a large proportion of other bacteria (particularly Erwinia spp.) in those nodules. A 20% decrease in RUEshoot was measured in uninoculated crops compared with inoculated ones, probably due to reduced photosynthesis due to a lower shoot N%. Root biomass was unaffected by inoculation and all treatments reached >3.5 t ha -1 by the end of the experiment. Uninoculated lucerne crops appeared to have similar accumulation rates of perennial biomass despite lower N fixation and N content in shoots. This supports the idea that perennial biomass accumulation is driven by ontogeny and less affected by the environment, 2012.
, Lucerne dry matter and N-fixation, when sown with or without lime and inoculant, Journal of New Zealand Grasslands, vol.77, pp.109-116, 2015.
, An overview of dryland legume research in New Zealand, Crop and Pasture Science, vol.63, pp.726-733, 2012.
, Base temperature and thermal time requirements for germination and emergence of temperate pasture species, New Zealand journal of agricultural research, vol.43, pp.15-25, 2000.
, Sowing date affected shoot and root biomass accumulation of lucerne during establishment and subsequent regrowth season, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.68, pp.69-77, 2015.
, Growth and phenological development patterns differ between seedling and regrowth lucerne crops (Medicago sativa L.), European Journal of Agronomy, vol.35, pp.47-55, 2011.
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, Genome Annotation of the Cultivated Alfalfa at the Diploid Level (CADL). PAG Conference, vol.14, 2016.
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, These maximize consumption of high quality leaf and soft stem, particularly in spring and summer. A period of extended growth in autumn is used to recharge underground reserves to maintain persistence of the alfalfa stands. This paper summarises the grazing rules, liveweight gains and on-farm experiences of farmers adopting them. OBJECTIVE: To quantify animal production by sheep from rotationally grazed alfalfa in New Zealand. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data source, Private Bag 3 Kurow, NZ. *Corresponding author: Derrick.Moot@lincoln.ac.nz KEYWORDS: Grazing management, 2003.
, Grazing in spring commences when the first paddock is 10-15 cm tall and is stocked at ~12 ewes+twin lambs per ha. These animals complete the first rotation through six paddocks in 28-35 days depending on weather conditions. The second rotation aims for all paddocks to be 35-40 cm tall on entry. This equates to about 3 ton of dry matter (DM) per ha. In Canterbury, liveweight gain was measured 2-4 weekly on-station with 3-5 years of data analysed. On-farm production gains are reported over a 10 year period from Bonavaree farm in Marlborough (550 mm average annual rainfall) and a 9 year period at Bog Roy Station in the Mackenzie District (450 mm average annual rainfall). RESULTS: On-station experiments consistently showed twin lambs growing >300 g/hd/d from birth to weaning (Fig 1a) which allowed them to reach killing weights (>17.5 kg carcass weight) in 100-120 days. On-farm production at Bonavaree has increased meat production per hectare by 94% over 10 years through increased lambing percentage (117 vs. 143%), and, each case alfalfa was rotationally grazed from early spring until water deficits stopped growth in summer. A period of 6-7 weeks regrowth is advocated in autumn which is the only time plants are allowed to flower
, ) of ewes and suckling twin lambs grazing dryland lucerne for three dryland alfalfa grazing experiments in Canterbury and b) changes in lamb weaned (t) and number of ewes mated at Bog Roy Station in the Mackenzie District. CONCLUSIONS: Adoption of changes in grazing management for alfalfa has resulted in increased animal production per head and per hectare on-farm. Changed grazing management has transformed over 200,000 ha of low rainfall areas in New Zealand. REFERENCES: Moot, Journal of New Zealand Grasslands, vol.78, pp.27-33, 2016.
, ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS: This work was undertaken as part of Phase II of the Pastoral 21 Programme, funded by the Ministry for Business, Innovation & Employment; DairyNZ; Beef + Lamb NZ; and Fonterra, and Ministry for Primary Industries, New Zealand Grassland Association Research & Practice Series, vol.11, pp.201-208, 2003.
, Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) coumestrol phytoestrogen content in response to genotypes, cultivar and viral disease
, MATERIALS AND METHODS: plant material: seven genotypes from cv Monarca SP INTA (M) used as susceptible and six genotypes from cv Traful PV INTA (T) used as tolerant were cloned and divided into two groups: 3 infected clones and 3 non-infected clones (NI). The trial was conducted in the greenhouse under controlled conditions. Plants were covered with an anti-aphid fabric to prevent virus infection by insect vectors. COU content in both conditions (I and NI) was measured by HPLC in 6 cuts in ppm (18 measures for each genotype)
, Most of the genotypes showed a general trend to increase coumestrol production in response to viral infection
, however, only four genotypes (M18, M29, T140 and T124) significantly (p<0.05) increased COU content relative to their NI counterparts (Table 1). As expected, M behaved as more susceptible (p<0.05) than T, with mean SI values 73.57% and 50%, respectively (Table 1). A negative association (p<0.05) between SI and COU differences (I relative to NI) was detected for M