For millennia, small ruminants in the Mediterranean were associated with agro –pastoralism, as a set of practices to manage sustainably spontaneous resources on a wide variety of fields. Today, these practices like transhumance fascinate sustainable development experts and inspire them in terms of territorial resource management and bio –diversity or know –how preservation. But, yet, and specially for particularly in dairy and cheese production, pastoral components of the production systems have steadily keep on declining as a technical model in favor of more specialized, more controlled, more intensive systems. Regarding the challenges and changes facing livestock at climatic, environmental, and social levels, can pastoralism help to reconfigure livestock systems, contribute to the agro-ecological transition and, if so, under what forms?To contribute to the construction of a sustainable pastoral strategy for Corsica, we conducted a survey among pastoralistswe analyzed the organization of their breeding, their performances and expectations. The results of these interviews testify to the diversity of the technical choices and organization of pastoralists to match their activities with their personal projects; we show that they are often far from traditional representations of pastoralism. They can serve to build new technical models with new coherences based on qualified skills territorial levels. We discuss and compare the situation in Corsica to other situations in the Mediterranean.