The beef farming industry encounters large health risk, mainly due to the separation of fattening operations from cow-calf operations. Antibiotic use has proved to be an efficient solution on an economical and epidemiological perspective, but can no longer be considered optimal considering public health perspectives. Although prudent pratices have already been identified, they remain niches of innovation and have not been implemented at a large scale. In this communication, we aim at identifying the main barriers and levers for the adoption of these new practices. We draw on a range of studies embedded in a multivel perspective research program. Presentation of risk factors or niches of innovation are then exemplified through assessment studies concerning the consequences of batching on growth and health, coordination in the young bulls industry or the conception of a risk assessment tool to avoid systematic antibiotic use. The identification of sociological and economical barriers and levers relies on a qualitative approach (54 interviews and 6 field observations) among various French skateholders of beef farming. The guidelines focused on the value chain organisation and the way the interviewees take weanling's health and especially BRD risk management into account. The results show that the barriers are more or less similar for middle men and fatteners and highlight logistics and information transmission among the value chain, whereas cow-calf producers are more concerned by the balance between the valuation of weanlings and the workload induced by better practices. We then discussed incentives regarding barriers and levers identified at different levels of the value chain: valuation of weanlings or work organisation at the farm level, logistics reconfiguration, information transmission or insurances at the industry level, marketing at the relaiters' level, regulation on price or antibiotic limitations at the national or EU level. The efficacy of scaling up may depend on a combination of those incentives