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L. Raisin,

. Impact-des-facteurs and . Environnementaux,

, Olivier Claisse (1)

-. Usc-oenologie and . Inra,

B. Enita-de,

, Equipe Environnement et Microbiologie UMR IPREM 5254 IBEAS, vol.1155

, Différents facteurs environnementaux vont modifier les niveaux, la structure et la diversité de cette population microbienne. Ainsi, les zones climatiques plus fraîches et humides

, agréés en agriculture biologique et en agriculture raisonnée se substitue aux produits phytosanitaires de synthèse. Nos travaux mettent en évidence, pour la première fois et à l'échelle de la parcelle, l'impact négatif des résidus cupriques de la baie de raisin sur la densité, l'activité et la structure de la communauté microbienne, en particulier dans sa fraction bactérienne. Ces résultats confirment que l'usage des produits phytosanitaires cupriques doit être réfléchi, Dans le contexte actuel de la réduction des intrants, l'utilisation de produits inorganiques (à base de cuivre et soufre)

, A destination des praticiens, cet indicateur permet d'évaluer l'impact des pratiques viticoles sur la diversité de la communauté microbienne de la baie de raisin, par exemple dans le cas d'une reconversion en agriculture biologique. Remerciement : les auteurs souhaitent remercier le Conseil, Ces travaux révèlent enfin l'intérêt des plaques Biolog? comme indicateur microbien simple et rapide à mettre en oeuvre au laboratoire

S. Bae, G. H. Fleet, and G. M. Heard, Lactic acid bacteria associated with wine grapes from several Australian vineyards, J Appl Microbiol, vol.100, pp.712-727, 2006.

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S. Compant, B. Mitter, J. G. Colli-mull, H. Gangl, and A. Sessitsch, Endophytes of grapevine flowers, berries, and seeds: identification of cultivable bacteria, comparison with other plant parts, and visualization of niches of colonization, Microb. Ecol, vol.62, pp.188-197, 2011.

S. Compant, B. Reiter, A. Sessitsch, J. Nowak, C. Clément et al., Endophytic Colonization of Vitis vinifera L. by Plant Growth-Promoting Bacterium Burkholderia sp, Strain PsJN. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.71, pp.1685-1693, 2005.

D. V. De-felice, M. Solfrizzo, D. Curtis, F. Lima, G. Visconti et al., Strains of Aureobasidium pullulans Can Lower Ochratoxin A Contamination in Wine Grapes, Phytopathology, vol.98, pp.1261-1270, 2008.

D. Haas and G. Défago, Biological control of soil-borne pathogens by fluorescent pseudomonads, Nat. Rev. Microbiol, vol.3, pp.307-319, 2005.

G. Martins, C. Miot-sertier, B. Lauga, O. Claisse, A. Lonvaud et al.,

, Grape berry bacterial microbiota: Impact of the ripening process and the farming system, International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol.17, pp.93-100

A. A. Nisiotou, A. E. Spiropoulos, and G. Nychas, Yeast Community Structures and Dynamics in Healthy and Botrytis-Affected Grape Must Fermentations, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, vol.73, pp.6705-6713, 2007.

L. Ranjard, A. Echairi, V. Nowak, D. P. Lejon, R. Nouaïm et al., Field and microcosm experiments to evaluate the effects of agricultural Cu treatment on the density and genetic structure of microbial communities in two different soils, FEMS Microbiol Ecol, vol.58, issue.2, pp.303-318, 2006.

L. Ranjard, L. Lignier, and R. Chaussod, Cumulative effects of short term poly-metallic contaminations on soil bacterial community structure, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.72, pp.1684-1687, 2006.

L. Ranjard, V. Nowak, A. Echairi, V. Faloya, and R. Chaussod, The dynamics of soil bacterial community structure in response to yearly repeated agricultural copper treatments, Res Microbiol, vol.159, issue.4, pp.251-255, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02659759

V. Renouf, O. Claisse, and A. Lonvaud-funel, Understanding the microbial ecosystem on the grape berry surface through numeration and identification of yeast and bacteria, Australian Journal of Grape and Wine Research, vol.11, pp.316-327, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02683471

V. Renouf, O. Claisse, and A. Lonvaud-funel, Inventory and monitoring of wine microbial consortia, Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, vol.75, pp.149-164, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02660229