The organoleptic quality of tomato fruit is a complex characteristic involving a set of components such as fruit size, flaveur, aroma, texture. The research program on the genetic bases of fruit quality is focused on polymorphism evaluation and QTL characterization fur these traits. Research first mapped QTL controlling quality traits in several populations and introgressed quality trait QTL by marker-assisted selection into elite lines. This introgression allowed the production of Near-Isogenic Lines (NILs), which were characterized at several levels (quality components, metabolome, proteome and transcriptome). Subsequently a proteomic analysis of accessions and Near-Isogenic Lines (NILs) was developed to identify candidate proteins involved in the genetic variation of fruit quality. The analysis of total proteins allowed the quantification of about 1,8OO spots. Proteins showing either genetic or developmental variations were identified by MALDI-TOF and/or nano-I.C-MS/MS. The proteome was first characterized at 6 stages along fruit development of two varieties and then at two stages in 2O tomato accessions. Many spots showing differential expression were related to photosynthesis, protein turn-over, cell wall synthesis or degradation, carbohydrate metabolism, oxidative stress and senescence. Screening for proteins showing variation of quantity in NILs revealed some spots varying according to the allele at the QTL or according to the genetic background. The percentage of variation at protein level was close to the percentage of varying genes pointed out by transcriptome approach. Transcriptome and proteome analysis provided complementary results.