The particles used for the manufacture of Oriented Strand Board (OSB) are sliced in the form of strands from softwood logs. After being dried, the strands are blended with the resin and go through the forming line where cross-directional layers are formed. Some manufacturers ensure alignment only for the face strands but don’t give any orientation to the core strands forming the middle layer. After this step, the loose mat of strands is compressed in the hot press to obtain structural panels. The uses for OSB are various as it is considered as an alternative to plywood. So, it can be used in numerous structural applications where large, thin, dimensionally stable boards are needed. It can be used, for example, in the form of large panels for structural sheathing in flooring and roofing systems but also in the form of I-beam floor joists and other building components. In this study, we will apply the Mori-Tanaka scheme to find the mechanical characteristics of a given layer of OSB. To achieve this goal, mechanical properties of wood particles will be needed and geometrical assumptions on their shape will be made too. The alignment of strands being non perfect, some statistical information will also be taken into account by using the orientation distribution function measured on a statistically representative sample of boards. For the sake of simplicity, the resin is assumed in that homogenization process to fully play its bonding role by making interfaces between particles perfect. Based on the classical laminate plate theory, the next step consists in using the computed orthotropic material properties of the various layers as well as their individual orientations to obtain the overall elastic constants of the board. Eventually, a comparison will be performed with results of bending tests simulated numerically thanks to the finite element method. Classical linear layered structural elements, making it possible to specify easily the layered configuration, are used for that purpose. The study permits to establish that the orientation distribution function is a key factor in obtaining high structural properties for OSB. It is shown that an improved strand alignment may help to gain significant performance in terms of stiffness. It is also illustrated that OSB is far less anisotropic than wood material because of its plywood-like cross-layering of strands. The ratio of anisotropy of OSB lies between 2 and 3, whereas this ratio for wood particles can reach 20 or more for some species.