P. Liu, Certification in the value chain for fresh fruits: The example of banana industry, 2009.

C. Efandem, M. Kwa, L. Temple, and O. Davide, Production de plantain dans la zone péri urbaine de Yaoundé: Identification des contraintes et incidences sur l'origine et la quantication des flux des marchés de la ville, en agriculture et développement urbain en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre, 2005.

J. Sarah, Variabilité du pouvoir pathogène de Radopholus similis entre populations provenant de différentes zones de production du monde, Infomusa (Ed. Française), vol.2, issue.2, p.6, 1993.

S. Hockland, R. Inserra, L. Millar, and P. Lehman, International plant healthputting legislation into practice, 2006.

S. Gowen, Plant nematode problems and their control in the Near East region, pp.59-65, 1997.

C. Chabrier, H. Mauléon, P. Bertrand, A. Lassoudière, and P. Quénéhervé, Banane antillaise, les systèmes de cultureévoluent: en Martinique, méthodes 620 alternatives pour réduire l'utilisation des nématicides et insecticides en bananeraies, Phytoma -La défense des végétaux, vol.584, pp.12-16, 2005.

N. Gebremichael and G. , A review on biology and management of Radopholus similis, Advances in Life Science and Technology, vol.36

C. Chabrier, P. Tixier, P. Duyck, Y. Cabidoche, and P. Quénéhervé, , p.625

, Survival of the burrowing nematode Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne without food: Why do males survive so long?, Applied Soil Ecology, vol.45, issue.2, pp.85-91, 2010.

C. A. Loos, Eradication of the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis, from bananas, Plant Disease Reporter, vol.45, issue.6, pp.457-461, 1961.

R. Mcsorley, Adaptations of nematodes to environmental extremes, Florida Entomologist, vol.86, issue.2, pp.138-142, 2003.

,

C. Chabrier and P. Quénéhervé, Control of the burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis Cobb) on banana: impact of the banana field destruction method on the efficiency of the following fallow, Crop protection, vol.22, issue.1, pp.121-127, 2003.

N. J. Cunniffe, B. Koskella, C. J. Metcalf, S. Parnell, T. R. Gottwald et al., Thirteen challenges in modelling plant diseases, Epidemics, vol.10, pp.6-10, 2015.

S. Nilusmas, M. Mercat, T. Perrot, C. Djian-caporalino, P. Castagnone-sereno et al., A multi-seasonal model 645 of plant-nematode interactions and its use to identify optimal plant resistance deployment strategies

C. R. Taylor and R. Rodrìguez-kábana, Optimal rotation of peanuts and 650 cotton to manage soil-borne organisms, Agricultural Systems, vol.61, issue.1, pp.57-68, 1999.

W. Van-den, W. Berg, and . Rossing, Generalized linear dynamics of a plant-655 parasitic nematode population and the economic evaluation of crop rotations, Journal of nematology, vol.37, pp.55-65, 2005.

C. A. Gilligan, Modelling soil-borne plant pathogens: reaction-diffusion models, Canadian Journal of Plant Pathology, vol.17, issue.2, pp.96-108, 1995.

P. Tixier, J. Risède, M. Dorel, and E. Malézieux, Modelling population dynamics of banana plant-parasitic nematodes: A contribution to the design of sustainable cropping systems, Ecological Modelling, vol.198, issue.3, pp.321-331, 2006.

I. Chedjou, S. Touzeau, F. Grognard, L. Mailleret, and J. Tewa, A multi-seasonal model of the dynamics of banana plant-parasitic ne-670 matodes, 14. Colloque Africain sur la Recherche en Informatique et en Mathématiques Appliquées (CARI'2018), 2018.

L. Mailleret and V. Lemesle, A note on semi-discrete modelling in the life sciences, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of Lon-675 don A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.367, pp.4779-4799, 1908.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02669019

S. Gubbins and C. A. Gilligan, Biological control in a disturbed environment, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, vol.352, pp.1935-1949, 1364.

L. V. Madden, F. Van-den, and . Bosch, A Population-Dynamics Approach, p.685

, Assess the Threat of Plant Pathogens as Biological Weapons against Annual Crops: Using a coupled differential-equation model, we show the conditions necessary for long-term persistence of a plant disease after a pathogenic microorganism is introduced into a susceptible annual crop, Bio-Science, vol.52, issue.1, pp.65-74, 2002.

L. Mailleret, M. Castel, M. Montarry, and F. Hamelin, From elaborate to compact seasonal plant epidemic models and back: Is competitive ex-695 clusion in the details?, Theoretical Ecology, vol.5, pp.311-324, 2011.

F. M. Hamelin, M. Castel, S. Poggi, D. Andrivon, and L. Mailleret, Seasonality and the evolutionary divergence of plant parasites, Ecology, vol.92, issue.12, pp.2159-2166, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02804607

,

M. Beugnon and J. Champion, Etude sur les racines du bananier, vol.21, pp.309-327, 1966.

K. Eckstein and J. C. Robinson, The influence of the mother plant on sucker growth, development and photosynthesis in banana

. Cavendish, The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, vol.74, issue.3, pp.347-350, 1999.

L. W. Duncan, D. T. Kaplan, and J. W. Noling, Maintaining barriers to the spread of Radopholus citrophilus in Florida citrus orchards, Nematropica, vol.20, pp.71-87, 1990.

J. C. Robinson and V. G. Saúco, Bananas and plantains, vol.19, 2010.

B. Moreau and J. L. Bourdelles, Etude du système racinaire du bananier Gros Michel en Equateur, vol.18, pp.71-74, 1963.

R. Hugon and H. Picard, Relations spatiales entre taches et nécroses racinaires et nématodes endoparasites chez le bananier, vol.43, pp.491-498, 1988.

M. Araya and M. Centeno, Recuperacion de Radopholus similis, Helicotylenchus spp., Meloidogyne spp. y Pratylenchus spp. de raiz funcional, no funcional y combinada de banano (Musa AAA), Corbana, vol.20, pp.11-16, 1995.

D. T. Kaplan and C. H. Opperman, Reproductive strategies and karyotype of the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis, Journal of Nematology, vol.32, issue.2, p.126, 2000.

D. H. Marin, T. B. Sutton, and K. R. Barker, Dissemination of bananas in Latin America and the Caribbean and its relationship to the occurrence of Radophouls similis, Plant disease, vol.82, issue.9, pp.964-974, 1998.

P. Gregory and P. Roots, Growth Activity and Interactions with Soils, 2006.

C. S. Holling, The Functional Response of Invertebrate Predators to Prey Density, Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada, vol.98, issue.S48, pp.5-86, 1966.

J. Noling, Movement and toxicity of nematicides in the plant root zone

G. B. Schaalje, Dynamic Models of Pesticide Effectiveness, Environmental Entomology, vol.19, issue.3, p.735, 1990.

S. Tang, Y. Tan, L. Juhua, A. Cheke, and R. , Threshold conditions for integrated pest management models with pesticides that have residual effect, Journal of Mathematical Biology, vol.66, issue.1, pp.1-35, 2011.

J. Sarah, A. Lassoudière, and R. Guérout, La jachère nue et l'immersion du sol: deux méthodes intéressantes de lutte integrée contre Radopholus similis (cobb. ) dans les bananeraies des sols tourbeux de Côte d'Ivoire, Fruits, vol.38, issue.1, pp.35-42, 1983.

M. Fargette and P. Quénéhervé, Populations of nematodes in soils under banana, cv. Poyo, in the Ivory Coast. the nematofauna occurring in the banana producing areas, Revue de Nématologie, vol.51, issue.2, pp.239-244, 1988.

P. Quénéhervé, Population of nematodes in soil under banana, cv. Poyo, in the Ivory Coast. 5. Screening of nematicides and horticultural results

, Nématol, vol.14, pp.231-249, 1989.

J. M. Namaganda, I. N. Kashaija, and R. Maslen, Host status of the common weeds of banana establishments to banana nematodes in Uganda, International Journal of Fundamental and Applied Nematological Research, vol.4, issue.2, p.271, 2002.

F. Verhulst, Singular perturbation methods for slow-fast dynamics, Nonlinear Dynamics, vol.50, issue.4, 2007.

M. L. Rosenzweig and R. H. Macarthur, Graphical representation and stability conditions of predator-prey interactions, The American Naturalist, vol.97, issue.895, pp.209-223, 1963.

R. N. Thompson, K. Jalava, and U. Obolski, Sustained transmission of ebola in new locations: more likely than previously thought, The Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol.19, pp.30483-30492, 2019.

L. G. Van-weerdt, Studies on the Biology of Radopholus similis, p.765

. Thorne, Part III, Embryology and Post-Embryonic Development, Nematologica, vol.5, pp.43-52, 1949.

, Banana Cultivation Guide, vol.23, 2018.

E. Serrano, Banana root system: towards a better understanding for its productive management, Relationship between functional root content and banana yield in costa rica, pp.25-34, 2005.

C. Chabrier, C. Carles, P. Quénéhervé, and Y. Cabidoche, Nematode dissemination by water leached in soil: Case study of Radopholus similis (Cobb) Thorne on nitisol under simulated rainfall, Applied Soil Ecology, vol.40, issue.2, pp.299-308, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02667003

J. Sarah, J. Pinochet, and J. Stanton, Radopholus similis Cobb, nématode 780 parasite des bananiers, Fiche technique n1, INIBAP, 1996.

A. Zum-felde, L. Pocasangre, and R. A. Sikora, The potential use of microbial communities inside suppressive banana plants for banana root protection, Banana Root System: towards a better understanding for its productive 785 management: Proceedings of an international symposium/Sistema Radical del Banano: hacia un mejor conocimiento para su manejo productivo: Memorias de un simposio internacional, pp.169-177, 2005.

C. A. Loos, Studies on the life history and habits of the burrowing nematode, Radopholus similis, the cause of the blackhead disease of banana, p.790

, Helminthological Society of Washington, vol.29, issue.1, pp.43-56, 1962.

T. E. Hewlett, E. Hewlett, and D. W. Dickson, Response of Meloidogyne spp., Heterodera glycines, and Radopholus similis to tannic acid, Journal of nematology, vol.29, issue.4S, p.737, 1997.

D. H. Marin, K. R. Barker, and T. B. Sutton, Efficacy of ABG-9008 against burrowing nematode (Radopholus similis) on bananas, Nematropica, vol.30, issue.1, pp.1-8, 2000.

J. E. Fox, J. Gulledge, E. Engelhaupt, M. E. Burow, and J. A. , McLachlan, Pesticides reduce symbiotic efficiency of nitrogen-fixing rhizobia and 800 host plants, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.104, issue.24, pp.10282-10287, 2007.

Z. Ma and J. Li, Dynamical Modeling and Analysis of Epidemics, World Sci-805 entific, 2009.

D. Qian and D. Li, Periodic solutions for ordinary differential equations with sublinear impulsive effects, Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications, vol.303, issue.1, pp.288-303, 2005.

P. Quénéhervé, Population of nematodes in soils under banana, cv. Poyo, in the Ivory Coast. 3. seasonal dynamics of populations in mineral soil, Revue de Nématologie, vol.12, issue.2, pp.149-160, 1989.

P. Quénéhervé, Population of nematodes in soils under banana, cv. Poyo, in 815 the Ivory Coast. 4. seasonal dynamics of populations in organic soil, Revue de Nématologie, vol.12, issue.2, pp.161-170, 1989.

P. Quénéhervé, Nematode management in intensive banana agrosystems: comments and outlook from the Côte d'Ivoire experience, Crop Protection, vol.12, issue.3, pp.164-172, 1993.

J. Sarah, Répartition spatiale des infestations racinaires de Radopholus similis (COBB) en relation avec la croissance et le développement du bananier Poyo en Côte d'ivoire, Fruits, vol.41, pp.427-435, 1986.

S. Basu and J. Andrews, Complexity in mathematical models of public health policies: A guide for consumers of models, PLOS Medicine, vol.10, issue.10, pp.1-6, 2013.

A. Burr and A. Robinson, Locomotion Behavior, CAB International, p.830, 2004.

L. R. Faulkner and W. J. Bolander, Acquisition and distribution of nematodes in irrigation waterways of the Columbia Basin in Eastern Washington, Journal of nematology, vol.2, issue.4, pp.362-367, 1970.

N. V. Ravichandra and K. Krishnappa, Effect of various pesticides on the con-835 trol of the burrowing nematode, Radopholus Similis infecting banana, Indian, J. Nematol, vol.15, issue.1, pp.26-29, 1985.

C. Gilligan, Sustainable agriculture and plant diseases: An epidemiological perspective, Philosophical transactions of the

B. Series, Biological sciences, vol.363, p.2181, 2008.

R. J. Hall, S. Gubbins, and C. A. Gilligan, Evaluating the performance of chemical control in the presence of resistant pathogens, Bulletin of mathematical biology, vol.69, issue.2, pp.525-537, 2007.

R. N. Thompson, C. A. Gilligan, and N. J. Cunniffe, Control fast or control 845 smart: When should invading pathogens be controlled?, PLOS Computational Biology, vol.14, issue.2, pp.1-21, 2018.