Combining irrigation, fertilisation and pruning techniques to help control aphid populations in apple (<em>Malus domestica</em>) and peach (<em>Prunus persica</em>) orchards - INRAE - Institut national de recherche pour l’agriculture, l’alimentation et l’environnement Accéder directement au contenu
Communication Dans Un Congrès Année : 2019

Combining irrigation, fertilisation and pruning techniques to help control aphid populations in apple (Malus domestica) and peach (Prunus persica) orchards

Résumé

The increase of environmental concerns and the apparition of aphid strains resistant to pesticides require the development of alternative control methods. Among them, biological control methods are well documented while our knoledge on how the hots plant condition affect the infestation dynamics (i.e. on the bottom up processes) is rather poor. Tree susceptibility to phloem feeders is determined by the functional balance between nutrient (including water) acquisition and use, i.e. allocation to growth and development, storage or defence. This functional balance could be manipuled by usual cultural practices such as pruning, irrigation or fertilisation. Nonetheless, their application to perennials like trees having contrasting life backgrounds, and differing therefore by their overall condition (size, shape and composition), could produce opposite results. The plant key variables for susceptibility are thus to be defined prior to their optimization, adapting a combination of cultural practices to each situation. In this perspective, several experiments focused on peach green aphid (Myzus persicae) and rosy apple aphid (Dysaphis plantaginea) were performed, first in controlled conditions on young peach and apple trees whose functional balance had been modulated before artificial infestation, and then in commercial orchards submitted to various fertilisation and irrigation regimes for two years. Our results were summarized in a conceptual framework describing how the balance between tree development (analysed from an architectural viewpoint) and nutrient status affected its susceptibility to aphids, and could be manipulated by various practices. Aphid abundances appeared to be positively related to shoot development (leaf expansion, secondary ramification), to shoot growth (stem length and diameter), and to apex concentrations in amino acids and non-structural carbohydrates. Polyphenols had an opposite effect. These relationships were modified by tree water status, and were species and cultivar dependanr. Moreover, aphid infestations affected slightly the shoot N content and the fruit sugar content. Photosynthesis tended also to decrease on infested shoots which could not be compensated for by the healthy shoots. In conclusion, well fertilized trees submitted to moderate deficit irrigation were the most susceptible to aphids. These treatments had only a little effect on shoot development but limited photosynthesis and carbohydrate accumulation.
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Dates et versions

hal-02787294 , version 1 (05-06-2020)

Identifiants

  • HAL Id : hal-02787294 , version 1
  • PRODINRA : 485487

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Marie Odile Jordan, Aurore Drevet, Gilles Vercambre, Bruno Hucbourg. Combining irrigation, fertilisation and pruning techniques to help control aphid populations in apple (Malus domestica) and peach (Prunus persica) orchards. Ecology of Aphidophaga, Sep 2019, Montréal, Canada. ⟨hal-02787294⟩
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