Even though studies on innovation in agriculture are relatively new, they form part of a longer history of approaches to technical progress and transformations of the agricultural sector. This chapter explores the history of the uses of the notion of innovation in agriculture and reviews the studies in this field, focusing in particular on the contributions of economics and sociology. This history can be divided into three distinct periods: until the Second World War, the notion of innovation did not appear in the literature, even though the subject of technical progress, not included by economists in their analyses, was very present in the agricultural sciences; over the next 40 years, diffusionist approaches to innovation were applied to all sectors, including agriculture, whose modernization was supported by sociologists and economists; finally, starting in the 1980s, criticism started growing of this previous agricultural development model and was accompanied by a new way of thinking about innovation, opening up new perspectives for research on innovation in agriculture and related domains.