, Special thanks go to Mrs Miriam Levenson from ILVO for her help in reviewing this article

J. L. Barron and N. A. Thacker, Tutorial: Computing 2D and 3D optical flow, Imaging science and biomedical engineering division .pp 1-12, 2005.

M. D. Cloeter, K. Qin, P. Patil, and B. Smith, Planar Laser Induced Fluorescence (PLIF) Flow Visualization applied to Agricultural Spray Nozzles with Sheet Disintegration; Influence of an Oil-in-Water Emulsion, ILASS-Americas, p.22, 2010.

, Annual Conf. on Liquid Atomization and Spray Systems, 2010.

F. Cointault, D. Guérin, J. P. Guillemin, and B. Chopinet, In-Field Wheat ears Counting Using Color-Texture Image Analysis, Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science, vol.36, pp.117-130, 2008.

F. Cointault, M. Paindavoine, and P. Sarrazin, Fast imaging system for particle projection analysis: application to fertilizer centrifugal spreading, Journal Measurement Science and Technology, vol.13, pp.1087-1093, 2002.

F. Cointault, P. Sarrazin, and M. Paindavoine, Measurement of fertilizer granules motion on a centrifugal spreader with a fast imaging system, Precision Agriculture, vol.4, pp.279-295, 2003.

F. Cointault and J. Vangeyte, Development of low cost high speed photographic imaging systems to measure outlet velocity of fertilizer granules during spreading, International fertiliser society meeting, Proceeding, vol.555, 2005.

R. C. Derksen, H. Zhu, H. E. Ozkan, R. B. Hammond, A. E. Dorrance et al., Determining the influence of spray quality, nozzle type, spray volume, and air assisted application strategies on deposition of pesticides in soybean canopy, Transactions of the ASABE, vol.51, issue.5, pp.1529-1537, 2008.

T. E. Grift and J. W. Hofstee, Measurement of velocity and diameter of individual fertilizer particles by an optical method, Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, vol.66, issue.3, pp.235-238, 1997.

A. Hall, J. Louis, and D. Lamb, Characterising and mapping vineyard canopy using high-spatial-resolution aerial multispectral images, Computers and Geosciences, vol.29, pp.813-822, 2003.

A. B. Hatem, Software development for particle tracking velocimetry, 1997.

B. Hijazi, F. Cointault, F. Yang, and M. Paindavoine, High Speed Motion Estimation of Fertilizer Granules with Gabor Filters, 28th International congress on high speed imaging and photonics proceedings, 2008.

B. Hijazi, F. Cointault, J. Dubois, S. Coudert, J. Vangeyte et al., Multi-phase cross-correlation method for motion estimation of fertiliser granules during centrifugal spreading, Precision agriculture, vol.11, issue.6, pp.684-702, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00542706

B. Hijazi, J. Vangeyte, F. Cointault, J. Dubois, S. Coudert et al., Two-step cross correlation-based algorithm for motion estimation applied to fertilizer granules' motion during centrifugal spreading, Optical Engineering, vol.50, issue.6, p.67002, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00607938

B. D. Hill and D. J. Inaba, Use of water-sensitive paper to monitor the deposition of aerially applied insecticides, Journal of Economic Entomology, vol.82, issue.3, pp.974-980, 1989.

J. T. Kashdan, J. S. Shrimpton, and A. Whybrew, Two-phase characterization by automated digital image analysis. Part 2: Application of PDIA for sizing sprays, Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, vol.21, issue.1, pp.15-23, 2004.

J. T. Kashdan, J. S. Shrimpton, and A. Whybrew, b). Two-phase characterization by automated digital image analysis. Part 1: Fundamental principles and calibration of the technique, Particle & Particle Systems Characterization, vol.20, issue.6, pp.387-397, 2004.

J. T. Kashdan, J. S. Shrimpton, and A. Whybrew, A digital image analysis technique for quantitative characterization of high-speed sprays, Optical Laser Engineering, vol.45, pp.106-115, 2007.

M. Kass, A. Witkin, and D. Terzopoulos, Snakes: Active contour models, International journal of computer vision, vol.1, issue.4, pp.321-331, 1988.

K. S. Kim and S. S. Kim, Drop sizing and depth-of-field correction in TV imaging, Atomization and Sprays, vol.4, pp.65-78, 1994.

N. Lad, . Aroussi, and M. F. Muhamad, Droplet size measurement for Liquid Spray using Digital Image Analysis Technique Lad, Journal of Applied Sciences, vol.11, issue.11, pp.1966-1972, 2011.

P. Mavros, Flow visualization in stirred vessels, Trans IChemE, vol.79, 2001.

D. Mulligan, F. Bouraoui, B. Grizzetti, A. Aloe, and J. Dusart, An atlas of Pan-European data for investigating the fate of agrochemicals in terrestrial ecosystems, 2006.

D. Nuyttens, Drift from field crop sprayers: The influence of spray application technology determined using indirect and direct drift assessment means, vol.293, 2007.

D. Nuyttens, M. De-schampheleire, K. Baetens, and B. Sonck, The influence of operator controlled variables on spray drift from field crop sprayers, Transactions of the ASABE, vol.50, issue.4, pp.1129-1140, 2007.

D. Nuyttens, K. Baetens, M. De-schampheleire, and B. Sonck, Effect of nozzle type, size and pressure on spray droplet characteristics, Biosystems Engineering, vol.97, issue.3, pp.333-345, 2007.

D. Nuyttens, P. Braekman, S. Windey, and B. Sonck, Potential dermal pesticide exposure affected by greenhouse spray application technique, Pest Management Science, vol.65, issue.7, pp.781-790, 2009.

D. Nuyttens, M. De-schampheleire, P. Verboven, E. Brusselman, and D. Dekeyser, Droplet size-velocity characteristics of agricultural sprays, Transactions of the ASABE, vol.52, issue.5, pp.1471-1480, 2009.

R. Olieslagers, H. Ramon, and J. De-baerdemaeker, Calculation of Fertilizer Distribution Patterns from a Spinning Disc Spreader by means of a Simulation Model, Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, vol.63, issue.2, pp.137-152, 1996.

P. Van-liedekerke, E. Piron, J. Vangeyte, S. Villette, H. Ramon et al., Recent results of experimentation and DEM modeling of centrifugal fertilizer spreading, Granular Matter, vol.10, pp.247-255, 2008.

E. L. Paul, V. A. Atiemo-obeng, and S. M. Kresta, Handbook of Industrial Mixing: Science and Practice, 2004.

K. Persson and H. Skovsgaard, Fertiliser characteristics and spreading patterns from centrifugal spreaders, Proceedings of the International Conference on Agricultural Engineering, 1998.

E. Piron and D. Miclet, Spatial distribution measurement: a new method for the evaluation and testing of centrifugal spreaders, Proceedings Second International Symposium on Centrifugal Fertiliser Spreading, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02588901

L. D. Reichard, J. A. Cooper, M. J. Bukovac, and R. D. Fox, Using a Videographic system to Assess Spray Droplet Impaction and Reflection from Leaf and Artificial Surfaces, Pesticide Science, vol.53, pp.291-299, 1998.

M. Rhodes, Introduction to Particle Technology, 1998.

D. Richard and D. Quéré, Bouncing water drops, Europhysics Letters (EPL), vol.50, pp.769-775, 2000.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02357031

R. Schick, An engineer's practical guide to drop size. Spraying Systems Co, 1997.

?. ?ikalo, H. D. Wilhelm, I. V. Roisman, S. Jakirli?, and C. Tropea, Dynamic contact angle of spreading droplets: Experiments and simulations, Physics of Fluids, vol.17, issue.6, p.62103, 2005.

D. B. Smith, S. D. Askew, W. H. Morris, and M. Boyette, Droplet size and leaf morphology effects on pesticide spray deposition, Transactions of the ASAE, vol.43, issue.2, pp.255-259, 2000.

A. Spinei, D. Pellerin, and J. Herault, Spatiotemporal energy-based method for velocity estimation, Signal processing, vol.65, pp.347-362, 1998.

C. Stainier, M. F. Destain, B. Schiffers, and F. Lebeau, Droplet size spectra and drift effect of two phenmedipham formulations and four adjuvant mixtures, Crop Protection, vol.25, pp.1238-1243, 2006.

M. E. Teske, H. W. Thistle, and A. J. Hewitt, Conversion of droplet size distributions from PMS optical array probe to Malvern laser diffraction, Proceedings ICLASS, 2000.

J. Vangeyte and B. Sonck, Image analysis of particle trajectories, Proceedings of the 1st international symposium on centrifugal fertiliser spreading. KULeuven: Leuven, 2005.

J. Vangeyte, B. Sonck, P. Van-liedekerke, and H. Ramon, Comparison of two methods to measure the outlet velocity of fertilizer grains from a rotary disc, Proceedings of AgEng 200 edited by the Technology institute, pp.366-337, 2004.

S. Villette, F. Cointault, E. Piron, B. Chopinet, and M. Paindavoine, A simple imaging system to measure velocity and improve the quality of fertilizer spreading in agriculture, Journal of Electronic imaging, vol.17, issue.3, pp.1109-1119, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00448902

A. Yilmaz, O. Javed, and M. Shah, Object tracking: A survey, Acm Computing Surveys (CSUR), vol.38, issue.4, p.13, 2006.