Bioprocesses play an important role in food processing, the pharmaceutical industry and in environmental management. Their underlying principles are based on inputs from chemical engineering, molecular biology, molecular genetics, physics, chemistry, mathematics, computer science and other engineering disciplines. Giving an overview of the challenges in the control of bioprocesses, this comprehensive book presents key results in various fields, including: dynamic modeling, dynamic properties of bioprocess models, software sensors designed for the on-line estimation of parameters and state variables, control and supervision of bioprocesses. What are the challenges for the control of bioprocesses? Dynamic models of biochemical processes: properties of the models. Identification of bioprocess models. State estimation for bioprocesses. Recursive parameter estimation. Basic concepts of bioprocess control. Adaptive linearizing control and extremum-seeking control of bioprocesses. Tools for fault detection and diagnosis.