J. Gu, N. Orr, S. D. Park, L. M. Katz, G. Sulimova et al., A genome scan for positive selection in thoroughbred horses, PLoS ONE, vol.4, p.5767, 2009.

J. L. Petersen, J. R. Mickelson, E. G. Cothran, L. S. Andersson, J. Axelsson et al., Genetic diversity in the modern horse illustrated from genome-wide SNP data, PLoS ONE, vol.8, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01193776

R. J. Schaefer, M. Schubert, E. Bailey, D. L. Bannasch, E. Barrey et al., Developing a 670k genotyping array to tag~2 M SNPs across 24 horse breeds, vol.18, pp.565-583, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02626769

M. E. Mccue, D. L. Bannasch, J. L. Petersen, J. Gurr, E. Bailey et al., A high density SNP array for the domestic horse and extant Perissodactyla: Utility for association mapping; genetic diversity; and phylogeny studies, PLoS Genet, vol.8, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01191252

J. L. Petersen, J. R. Mickelson, A. K. Rendahl, S. J. Valberg, L. S. Andersson et al., Genome-wide analysis reveals selection for important traits in domestic horse breeds, PLoS ONE, vol.9, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01000690

C. Zhang, P. Ni, H. I. Ahmad, M. Gemingguli, A. Baizilaitibei et al., Detecting the population structure and scanning for signatures of selection in horses (Equus caballus) from whole-genome sequencing data, Evol. Bioinform, vol.14, pp.1-9, 2018.

A. Gurgul, I. Jasielczuk, E. Semik-gurgul, K. Pawlina-tyszko, M. Stefaniuk-szmukier et al., Bugno-Poniewierska, M. A genome-wide scan for diversifying selection signatures in selected horse breeds, PLoS ONE, vol.30, 2019.

M. Schubert, H. Jónsson, D. Chang, C. Der-sarkissian, L. Ermini et al., Prehistoric genomes reveal the genetic foundation and cost of horse domestication, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, vol.111, pp.5661-5669, 2014.

P. Librado, C. Gamba, C. Gaunitz, C. Der-sarkissian, M. Pruvost et al., Serres-Armero, A. Ancient genomic changes associated with domestication of the horse, vol.356, p.23, 2017.

R. C. Lewontin and J. Krakauer, Distribution of gene frequency as a test of the theory of the selective neutrality of polymorphisms, Genetics, vol.74, pp.175-195, 1973.

M. I. Fariello, S. Boitard, H. Naya, M. Sancristobal, and B. Servin, Detecting signatures of selection through haplotype differentiation among hierarchically structured populations, Genetics, vol.193, pp.929-941, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00842696

E. Peripolli, N. B. Stafuzza, D. P. Munari, A. L. Lima, R. Irgang et al., Assessment of runs of homozygosity islands and estimates of genomic inbreeding in Gyr (Bos indicus) dairy cattle, BMC Genom, vol.19, 2018.

E. Peripolli, J. Metzger, M. V. De-lemos, N. B. Stafuzza, S. Kluska et al., Autozygosity islands and ROH patterns in Nellore lineages: Evidence of selection for functionally important traits, BMC Genom, vol.19, 2018.

F. Bertolini, T. F. Cardoso, G. Marras, E. L. Nicolazzi, M. F. Rothschild et al.,

, Genome-wide patterns of homozygosity provide clues about the population history and adaptation of goats, Genet. Sel. Evol, vol.50, 2018.

S. Mastrangelo, M. Tolone, M. T. Sardina, G. Sottile, A. M. Sutera et al., Genome-wide scan for runs of homozygosity identifies potential candidate genes associated with local adaptation in Valle del Belice sheep, Genet. Sel. Evol, vol.49, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01635193

J. Metzger, M. Karwath, R. Tonda, S. Beltran, L. Águeda et al., Runs of homozygostiy reveal signatures of positive selection for reproduction traits in breed and non-breed horses, BMC Genom, vol.16, 2015.

G. Grilz-seger, T. Druml, M. Neuditschko, M. Mesari?, M. Cotman et al., Analysis of ROH patterns in the Noriker horse breed reveal signatures of selection for coat color and body size, Anim. Genet, 2019.

G. Grilz-seger, T. Druml, M. Neuditschko, M. Dobretsberger, M. Horna et al., High-resolution population structure and runs of homozygosity reveal the genetic architecture of complex traits in the Lipizzan horse, BMC Genom, vol.20, 2019.

B. Velie, M. Solé, K. Jäderkvist-fegraeus, M. K. Rosengren, K. H. Røed et al., Genomic measures of inbreeding in the Norwegian-Swedish Coldblooded Trotter and their associations with known QTL for reproduction and health traits, Genet. Sel. Evol, vol.51, 2019.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02145448

G. Grilz-seger, M. Mesari?, M. Cotman, M. Neuditschko, T. Druml et al., Runs of homozygosity and population history of three horse breeds with small population size, J. Equine Vet. Sci, vol.71, pp.27-34, 2018.

W. Nolte, G. Thaller, and C. Khuen, Selection signatures in four German warmblood horse breeds: Tracing breeding history in the modern sport horse, PLoS ONE, vol.14, 2019.

. Stud-book-selle and . Français, , p.17, 2019.

E. Ifce, , p.17, 2019.

, Lipizzan International Federation, p.17, 2019.

Z. Pferdezüchter, , p.17, 2019.

M. Mesaric, Posavina Zucht in Slowenien, Das Posavina Pferd

G. Grilz-seger and T. Druml, , pp.57-71, 2018.

S. Mihok and . Gidran-lo-monografiaja,

. Isg-shagya-araber, , p.17, 2019.

M. Mesaric, A. Dolinsek, and P. Dovc, Bosnian Mountain Horse; PLANIDO-A.&A. Dolinsek, and the International Association of Bosnian Mountain Horse Breeders: Ljubljana, 2015.

C. M. Wade, E. Giulotto, S. Sigurdsson, M. Zoli, S. Gnerre et al., Genome sequence, comparative analysis, and population genetics of the domestic horse, Science, vol.326, pp.865-867, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01193388

S. Purcell, B. Neale, K. Todd-brown, L. Thomas, M. A. Ferreira et al., PLINK: A tool set for whole genome association and population-based linkage analyses, Am. J. Hum. Genet, vol.81, pp.559-575, 2007.

. Sas-institute, SAS Version 9.1; SAS Institute: Cary, 2009.

D. W. Huang, B. T. Sherman, and R. A. Lempicki, Systematic and integrative analysis of large gene lists using DAVID Bioinformatics Resources, Nat. Prot, vol.4, pp.44-57, 2009.

S. Makvandi-nejad, G. E. Hoffman, J. J. Allen, E. Chu, E. Gu et al., Four loci explain 83% of size variation in the horse, PLoS ONE, vol.7, 2012.

J. C. Pearson, D. Lemons, and W. Mcginnis, Modulating Hox gene functions during animal body patterning, Nat. Rev. Genet, vol.6, pp.893-904, 2005.

L. S. Andersson, M. Larhammar, F. Memic, H. Wootz, D. Schwochow et al., Mutations in DMRT3 affect locomotion in horses and spinal circuit function in mice, Nature, vol.488, pp.642-646, 2012.

S. Rieder, S. Taourit, D. Mariat, B. Langlois, and G. Guerin, Mutation in the agouti (ASIP); the extension (MC1R); and the brown (TYRP1) loci and their association to coat color phenotypes in horses

. Mamm and . Gen, , vol.12, pp.450-455, 2001.

M. Higa, X. Zhang, K. Tanaka, and M. Saijo, Stabilization of Ultraviolet (UV)-stimulated Scaffold Protein A by interaction with Ubiquitin-specific Peptidase 7 is essential for Transcription-coupled Nucleotide Excision Repair, J. Biol. Chem, vol.291, pp.13771-13779, 2016.

M. P. Donnelly, P. Paschou, E. Grigorenko, D. Gurwitz, C. Barta et al., A global view of the OCA2-HERC2 region and pigmentation, Hum. Genet, vol.131, pp.683-696, 2012.

H. Signer-hasler, C. Flury, B. Haase, D. Burger, H. Simianer et al., A genome-wide association study reveals loci influencing height and other conformation traits in horses, PLoS ONE, vol.7, 2012.

P. Cunningham, The Genetics of Thoroughbred Horses, Sci. Am, vol.264, pp.92-99, 1991.

M. A. Bower, B. A. Mcgivney, M. G. Campana, J. Gu, L. S. Andersson et al., The genetic origin and history of speed in the Thoroughbred racehorse, Nature, vol.3, p.643, 2012.

M. M. Binns, D. A. Boehler, E. Bailey, T. L. Lear, J. M. Cardwell et al., Inbreeding in the Thoroughbred horse, Anim. Genet, vol.43, pp.340-342, 2012.

E. W. Hill, J. Gu, B. A. Mcgivney, and D. E. Machugh, Targets of selection in the Thoroughbred genome contain exercise-relevant gene SNPs associated with elite racecourse performance, Anim. Genet, vol.41, pp.56-63, 2010.

D. J. Tomlinson, C. H. Mulling, and T. M. Fakler, Formation of keratins in the bovine claw: Roles of hormones, minerals, and vitamins in functional claw integrity, J. Dairy Sci, vol.87, pp.797-809, 2004.

A. Thomer, M. Gottschalk, A. Christmann, F. Naccache, K. Jung et al., An epistatic effect of KRT25 on SP6 is involved in curly coat in horses, Sci. Rep, 2018.

C. Morgenthaler, M. Diribarne, A. Capitan, R. Legendre, R. Saintilan et al., A missense variant in the coil1A domain of the keratin 25 gene is associated with the dominant curly hair coat trait (Crd) in horse, Genet. Sel. Evol, p.49, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01635892

A. Ludwig, M. Pruvost, M. Reissmann, N. Benecke, G. A. Brockmann et al., Coat color variation at the beginning of horse domestication, Science, vol.324, 2009.

S. Wutke, N. Benecke, E. Sandoval-castellanos, H. J. Döhle, S. Friederich et al.,

L. Marklund, M. J. Moller, K. Sandberg, and L. Andersson, A missense mutation in the gene for melanocyte-stimulating hormone receptor (MC1R) is associated with the chestnut coat color in horses, Mamm. Gen, vol.7, pp.895-899, 1996.

P. Zechner, J. Sölkner, I. Bodo, T. Druml, R. Baumung et al., Analysis of diversity and population structure in the Lipizzan horse breed based on pedigree information, Livest. Prod. Sci, vol.77, pp.137-146, 2002.

T. Takagishi, T. Hara, and T. Fukada, Recent advances in the role of SLC39A/ZIP zinc transporters in vivo, Int. J. Mol. Sci, vol.18, 2017.

S. V. Kozyrev, A. K. Abelson, J. Wojcik, A. Zaghlool, and R. Linga, Functional variants in the B-cell gene BANK1 are associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, Nat. Genet, vol.40, pp.211-216, 2008.

A. Wullaert, M. C. Bonnet, and M. Pasparakis, NF-?B in the regulation of epithelial homeostasis and inflammation, Cell Res, vol.21, pp.146-158, 2011.

R. R. Bellone, J. Liu, J. L. Petersen, M. Mack, M. Singer-berk et al., A missense mutation in damage-specific DNA binding protein 2 is a genetic risk factor for limbal squamous cell carcinoma in horses, Int. J. Cancer, vol.141, pp.342-353, 2017.

R. G. Pielberg, A. Golovko, E. Sundström, I. Curik, and J. Lennartsson, A cis-acting regulatory mutation causes premature hair graying and susceptibility to melanoma in the horse, Nat. Genet, vol.40, pp.1004-1009, 2008.

R. G. Pielberg, S. Mikko, K. Sandberg, and L. Andersson, Comparative linkage mapping of the Gray coat colour gene in horses, Anim. Genet, vol.36, pp.390-395, 2005.

A. Fernández, L. Silió, C. Rodríguez, and C. Óvilo, Characterization of OCA2 cDNA in different porcine breeds and analysis of its potential effect on skin pigmentation in a red Iberian strain, Anim. Genet, vol.37, pp.166-170, 2006.

R. Bellone, T. Lear, D. L. Adelson, and E. Bailey, Comparative mapping of oculocutaneous albinism type II (OCA2)

, transient receptor potential cation channel; subfamily M member 1 (TRPM1) and two equine microsatellites

, ASB08 and 1CA43; among four equid species by fluorescence in situ hybridization, Cytogenet. Genome Res, vol.114, 2006.

E. J. Kowalski and R. Bellone, Investigation of HERC2 and OCA2 SNP for iris color variation in Puerto Rican Paso Fino horses, J. Equine Vet. Sci, vol.31, 2011.

M. Mack, E. Kowalski, R. Grahn, D. Bras, M. Cecilia et al., Two variants in SLC24A5 are associated with "Tiger-Eye" iris pigmentation in Puerto Rican Paso Fino horses, vol.7, pp.2799-2806, 2017.

J. Fegraeus, K. Velie, B. Axelsson, J. Ang, R. Hamilton et al., A potential regulatory region near the EDN3 gene may control both harness racing performance and coat color variation in horses, Physiol. Rep, vol.6, 2018.

S. Brooks and E. Bailey, Exon skipping in the KIT gene causes a Sabino spotting pattern in Horses, Mamm. Gen, vol.16, pp.893-902, 2005.

B. Haase, S. Rieder, T. Tozaki, T. Hasegawa, M. Penedo et al., Five novel KIT mutations in horses with white coat colour phenotypes, Anim. Gen, vol.42, pp.337-339, 2011.

R. Hauswirth, R. Jude, B. Haase, R. R. Bellone, S. Archer et al., Novel variants in the KIT and PAX3 genes in horses with white-spotted coat colour phenotypes, Anim. Gen, vol.4, pp.763-765, 2013.

J. E. Dominy and P. Puigserver, Mitochondrial biogenesis through activation of nuclear signaling proteins cold spring harb, Perspect. Biol, 2013.

H. Pilegaard, B. Saltin, and P. D. Neufer, Exercise induces transient transcriptional activation of the PGC-1? gene in human skeletal muscle, J. Physiol, vol.546, pp.851-858, 2003.

S. S. Eivers, B. A. Mcgivney, J. Gu, D. E. Machugh, L. M. Katz et al., PGC-1? encoded by the PPARGC1A gene regulates oxidative energy metabolism in equine skeletal muscle during exercise, Anim. Genet, vol.43, pp.153-162, 2012.

A. Ricard, Does heterozygosity at the DMRT3 gene make French trotters better racers?, Gen. Sel. Evol, vol.47, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01341289

F. Liu, A. Arias-vásquez, K. Sleegers, Y. S. Aulchenko, M. Kayser et al., A genome wide screen for late-onset Alzheimer disease in a genetically isolated Dutch population, Am. J. Hum. Genet, vol.81, pp.17-31, 2007.

Y. Pan, K. S. Wang, and N. Aragam, NTM and NR3C2 polymorphisms influencing intelligence: Family-based association studies, Prog. Neuro Psychopharmacol. Biol. Psychiatry, vol.35, pp.154-160, 2011.

F. Avila, J. M. Mickelson, R. J. Schaefer, and M. Mccue, Genome-wide signatures of selection reveal genes associated with performance in American Quarter Horse subpopulations, Front. Genet, vol.9, p.249, 2018.

Y. P. Tang, E. Shimizu, G. R. Dube, C. Rampon, G. A. Kerchner et al., Genetic enhancement of learning and memory in mice, Nature, vol.401, pp.63-69, 1999.

B. D. Velie, K. J. Fegraeus, M. Solé, M. K. Rosengren, K. H. Røed et al., A genome-wide association study for harness racing success in the Norwegian-Swedish coldblooded trotter reveals genes for learning and energy metabolism, BMC Genet, vol.29, 2018.

S. L. Hendrickson, A genome wide study of genetic adaptation to high altitude in feral Andean Horses of the páramo, BMC Evol. Biol, vol.13, 2013.

E. L. Eskelinen and P. Saftig, Autophagy: A lysosomal degradation pathway with a central role in health and disease, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA). Mol. Cell Res, vol.17937, pp.664-673, 2009.

T. Xu, S. Nicolson, D. Denton, and S. Kumar, Distinct requirements of Autophagy-related genes in programmed cell death, Cell Death Differ, vol.22, pp.1792-1802, 2015.

B. O. Bodemann, A. Orvedahl, T. Cheng, R. R. Ram, Y. Ou et al., RalB and the exocyst mediate the cellular starvation response by direct activation of autophagosome assembly, Cell, vol.144, pp.253-267, 2011.

M. Mrschtik and K. M. Ryan, Lysosomal proteins in cell death and autophagy, FEBS J, vol.282, pp.1858-1870, 2015.

A. Stolz and A. Ernst, Dikic, I. Cargo recognition and trafficking in selective autophagy, Nat. Cell Biol, vol.16, pp.495-501, 2014.

S. Meiri, T. Dayan, and D. Simberloff, The generality of the island rule re-examined, J. Biogeogr, vol.33, pp.1571-1577, 2006.

E. M. Norton, F. Avila, N. E. Schultz, J. R. Mickelson, R. J. Geor et al., Evaluation of an HMGA2 variant for pleiotropic effects on height and metabolic traits in ponies, J. Vet. Intern. Med, 2019.