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The tree that hides the forest: cryptic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the Palaearctic vector Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at the European level

Antoine Mignotte 1, * Claire Garros 1, * Laetitia Gardes 1 Thomas Balenghien 1, 2 Maxime Duhayon 1 Ignace Rakotoarivony 1 Laura Tabourin 1 Léa Poujol 1 Bruno Mathieu 3 Adolfo Ibañez-Justicia 4 Ahmet Deniz 5 Aleksandar Cvetkovikj 6 Bethan Purse 7 David Ramilo 8 Despoina Stougiou 9 Doreen Werner 10 Dubravka Pudar 11 Dušan Petrić 11 Eva Veronesi 12 Frans Jacobs 4 Helge Kampen 13 Isabel Pereira da Fonseca 8 Javier Lucientes 14 Javier Navarro 15 Josue Martinez de la Puente 16 Jovana Stefanovska 17 Kate Searle 18 Khalid Khallaayoune 19 C. Lorna Culverwell 20 Lorna Culverwell Maria Bourquia 19 Maria Goffredo 21 Marina Bisia 9 Marion England 22 Matthew Robin 23 Michela Quaglia 24 Miguel Ángel Miranda-Chueca 25 Rene Bodker 26 Rosa Estrada-Peña 14 Simon Carpenter 22 Simona Tchakarova 27 Sofia Boutsini 9 Ståle Sviland 28 Stefanie Schäfer 7 Zanda Ozoliņa 29 Zanda Segliņa 30 Zati Vatansever 31 Karine Huber 1
* Auteur correspondant
1 UMR ASTRE - Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes
2 IAV - Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II - IAV (MOROCCO)
3 DIHP - Dynamique des interactions hôte pathogène
4 NVWA - Netherlands Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority
5 Veterinary Control Central Research Institute
6 Sts. Cyril and Methodius University
7 CEH - Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford]
8 CIISA - CIISA-Centro Investigação Interdisciplinar em Sanidade Animal
9 Veterinary Centre of Athens
10 ZALF - Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research
11 University of Novi Sad
12 Institute of Parasitology
13 FLI - Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut
14 IA2 - Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón
15 Laboratorio de Producción y Sanidad Animal de Granada
16 CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP)
17 Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje
18 CEH - Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh]
19 Unité Parasitologie et Maladies Parasitaires
20 Department of Virology, Medicum, University of Helsinki, Helsinki
21 IZSAM - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale
22 Institute for Animal Health, the Pirbright Institute
23 Institute of Infection and Global Health [University of Liverpool, UK]
24 IZSAM - Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise G. Caporale [Teramo]
25 UIB - University of the Balearic Islands
26 KU - University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet
27 National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute
28 Norwegian Veterinary Institute
29 Institute of Food safety
30 Institute of Food safety
31 Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Parasitology
Abstract : ackgroundCulicoides obsoletus is an abundant and widely distributed Holarctic biting midge species, involved in the transmission of bluetongue virus (BTV) and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) to wild and domestic ruminants. Females of this vector species are often reported jointly with two morphologically very close species, C. scoticus and C. montanus, forming the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex. Recently, cryptic diversity within C. obsoletus was reported in geographically distant sites. Clear delineation of species and characterization of genetic variability is mandatory to revise their taxonomic status and assess the vector role of each taxonomic entity. Our objectives were to characterize and map the cryptic diversity within the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex.MethodsPortion of the cox1 mitochondrial gene of 3763 individuals belonging to the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex was sequenced. Populations from 20 countries along a Palaearctic Mediterranean transect covering Scandinavia to Canary islands (North to South) and Canary islands to Turkey (West to East) were included. Genetic diversity based on cox1 barcoding was supported by 16S rDNA mitochondrial gene sequences and a gene coding for ribosomal 28S rDNA. Species delimitation using a multi-marker methodology was used to revise the current taxonomic scheme of the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex.ResultsOur analysis showed the existence of three phylogenetic clades (C. obsoletus clade O2, C. obsoletus clade dark and one not yet named and identified) within C. obsoletus. These analyses also revealed two intra-specific clades within C. scoticus and raised questions about the taxonomic status of C. montanus.ConclusionsTo our knowledge, our study provides the first genetic characterization of the Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex on a large geographical scale and allows a revision of the current taxonomic classification for an important group of vector species of livestock viruses in the Palaearctic region.
Keywords : Species delimitation Taxonomy Culicoides spp Cryptic species Phylogeny Palaearctic Region Biting midge
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Soumis le : mercredi 10 juin 2020 - 14:18:13
Dernière modification le : jeudi 9 juillet 2020 - 03:12:02

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Antoine Mignotte, Claire Garros, Laetitia Gardes, Thomas Balenghien, Maxime Duhayon, et al.. The tree that hides the forest: cryptic diversity and phylogenetic relationships in the Palaearctic vector Obsoletus/Scoticus Complex (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) at the European level. Parasites and Vectors, BioMed Central, 2020, 13 (1), ⟨10.1186/s13071-020-04114-1⟩. ⟨hal-02863656⟩

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