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Article Dans Une Revue Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis Année : 2018

Genotoxicity and mutagenicity assessment of food contaminant mixtures present in the French diet

Julien Vignard
Gladys Mirey
Valérie Fessard
Daniel Zalko
Ludovic Le Hegarat
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Marc Audebert

Résumé

Through diet, people are exposed simultaneously to a variety of contaminants (e.g. heavy metals, mycotoxins, pesticides) that could have combined adverse effects on human health. A previous study identified six main mixtures of food contaminants to which French adult consumers are exposed. These complex mixtures are comprised of 11 to 19 chemicals that have numerous toxic properties. In the present study, we investigated the genotoxic effects of these food contaminants, as single molecules and in mixtures that reflect their occurrence in the French diet, using the gammaH2AX assay in two human cell lines (HepG2, LS-174 T). Results of detailed analysis of the 49 individual contaminants (including 21 tested in this study) demonstrated a positive genotoxic response to 14 contaminants in HepG2 and 12 in LS-174 T cells. Next, our results indicated that two mixtures out of six triggered significant gammaH2AX induction after 24 hr of treatment, at concentrations for which individual compounds did not induce any DNA damage, suggesting more than additive interactions between chemicals. gammaH2AX positive mixtures were then tested for mutagenicity with the innovative in vitro PIG-A assay in HepG2 cells coupled with the soft agar colony formation assay. The two gammaH2AX positive mixtures led to a significant increase in the frequency of PIG-A GPI-deficient cells and in the number of colonies formed in soft agar. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that two mixtures of contaminants present in the French diet induce genotoxicity and mutagenicity, and that the combined effects of single molecules present in these mixtures are likely not additive, highlighting potential problems for hazard assessment of mixtures.
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Dates et versions

anses-01880114 , version 1 (24-09-2018)

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Benjamin Kopp, Julien Vignard, Gladys Mirey, Valérie Fessard, Daniel Zalko, et al.. Genotoxicity and mutagenicity assessment of food contaminant mixtures present in the French diet. Environmental and Molecular Mutagenesis, 2018, 59 (8), pp.1-13. ⟨10.1002/em.22214⟩. ⟨anses-01880114⟩
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