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Oilseed rape is an annual plant that survives through seed formation. If seeds are buried due to e.g. cultivation, they may persist for periods of up to ten years under ideal conditions, vol.20, 2003. ,
The term 'ideal conditions' ought to be explained, since studies have shown that seeds persist in disturbed soils for at least 5 years, and up to 10 years or more in undisturbed soils, 1962. ,
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Specific factors affecting survivability, if any With regard to factors affecting survivability, it should have been explained that seed persistence depends on dormancy in the seed bank and vertical distribution in the soil, since seeds survive better deeper down, 1998. ,
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no supporting references (other than two in-house reports), especially with regard to long-distance pollination, although there are numerous scientific publications on the long-distance pollen vectors responsible for this dispersal and on assessment of the ensuing risks, Weed Technol, vol.16, pp.433-439, 2002. ,
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, Insect-mediated transfer of viable pollen over distances above one kilometre has been clearly demonstrated (for example, 2011.
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crushing plants and storage sites. Thus, to take an example, the SNCF (French national railways) employed 23.44 tonnes of glyphosate in 2012, representing 27.3% of the overall quantity of herbicides used by the company. The standard area treated with glyphosate by the SNCF, Ecol Appl, vol.17, pp.2123-2135, 2007. ,
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The establishment of genetically engineered canola populations in the US, PLoS One, vol.6, p.4, 2011. ,
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