Low but contrasting neutral genetic differentiation shaped by winter temperature in European great tits
Mélissa Lemoine
(1)
,
Kay Lucek
(2, 3)
,
Charles Perrier
(4)
,
Verena Saladin
(2)
,
Frank Adriaensen
(5, 6)
,
Emilio Barba
(7)
,
Eduardo J. Belda
(8)
,
Anne Charmantier
(4)
,
Mariusz Cichoń
(9, 10)
,
Tapio Eeva
(11)
,
Arnaud Grégoire
(4)
,
Camilla A. Hinde
(12, 13)
,
Arild Johnsen
(14)
,
Jan Komdeur
(15)
,
Raivo Mänd
(16)
,
Erik Matthysen
(5, 6)
,
Ana Cláudia Norte
(17)
,
Natalia Pitala
(18)
,
Ben C. Sheldon
(19, 20)
,
Tore Slagsvold
(21)
,
Joost M. Tinbergen
(15, 22)
,
János Török
(23, 24)
,
Richard Ubels
(15, 22)
,
Kees van Oers
(25)
,
Marcel Visser
(25)
,
Blandine Doligez
(26, 27, 28)
,
Heinz Richner
(2)
1
UZH -
Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich
2 Institute of Ecology and Evolution [Bern, Switzerland]
3 University of Sheffield [Sheffield]
4 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
5 UA - University of Antwerp
6 Evolutionary Ecology Group
7 ICBiBE - Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva
8 IGIC - Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras [Universitat Politècnica de València]
9 UJ - Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University
10 Institute of Environmental Sciences
11 University of Turku
12 Department of Animal Sciences [Wageningen]
13 Behavioural Ecology Group
14 Natural History Museum [Oslo]
15 Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary studies [Groningen]
16 Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu]
17 MARE UC - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre
18 JYU - Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ]
19 University of Oxford
20 Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology
21 CEES - Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis
22 Animal Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES)
23 ELTE - Eötvös Loránd University
24 Behavioural Ecology Group
25 NIOO-KNAW - Netherlands Institute of Ecology
26 UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
27 EBC - Evolutionary Biology Centre
28 Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal Ecology
2 Institute of Ecology and Evolution [Bern, Switzerland]
3 University of Sheffield [Sheffield]
4 CEFE - Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive
5 UA - University of Antwerp
6 Evolutionary Ecology Group
7 ICBiBE - Institut Cavanilles de Biodiversitat i Biologia Evolutiva
8 IGIC - Instituto de Investigación para la Gestión Integrada de Zonas Costeras [Universitat Politècnica de València]
9 UJ - Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University
10 Institute of Environmental Sciences
11 University of Turku
12 Department of Animal Sciences [Wageningen]
13 Behavioural Ecology Group
14 Natural History Museum [Oslo]
15 Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary studies [Groningen]
16 Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences [Tartu]
17 MARE UC - Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre
18 JYU - Department of Biological and Environmental Science [Jyväskylä Univ]
19 University of Oxford
20 Edward Grey Institute of Field Ornithology
21 CEES - Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis
22 Animal Ecology Group, Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Studies (CEES)
23 ELTE - Eötvös Loránd University
24 Behavioural Ecology Group
25 NIOO-KNAW - Netherlands Institute of Ecology
26 UCBL - Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1
27 EBC - Evolutionary Biology Centre
28 Department of Ecology and Genetics, Animal Ecology
Kay Lucek
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 1069812
Charles Perrier
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 736358
- IdHAL : charles-perrier
- ORCID : 0000-0001-5820-9374
- IdRef : 155818694
Anne Charmantier
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 741841
- IdHAL : anne-charmantier
- ORCID : 0000-0002-0691-2647
- IdRef : 113985886
Arnaud Grégoire
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 846018
- ORCID : 0000-0001-6103-355X
- IdRef : 076014703
Marcel Visser
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 786194
- ORCID : 0000-0002-1456-1939
Blandine Doligez
- Fonction : Auteur
- PersonId : 178699
- IdHAL : blandine-doligez
- ORCID : 0000-0003-3015-5022
- IdRef : 184197201
Résumé
Gene flow is usually thought to reduce genetic divergence and impede local adaptation by homogenising gene pools between populations. However, evidence for local adaptation and phenotypic differentiation in highly mobile species, experiencing high levels of gene flow, is emerging. Assessing population genetic structure at different spatial scales is thus a crucial step towards understanding mechanisms underlying intraspecific differentiation and diversification. Here, we studied the population genetic structure of a highly mobile species - the great tit Parus major - at different spatial scales. We analysed 884 individuals from 30 sites across Europe including 10 close-by sites (< 50 km), using 22 microsatellite markers. Overall we found a low but significant genetic differentiation among sites (F-ST = 0.008). Genetic differentiation was higher, and genetic diversity lower, in south-western Europe. These regional differences were statistically best explained by winter temperature. Overall, our results suggest that great tits form a single patchy metapopulation across Europe, in which genetic differentiation is independent of geographical distance and gene flow may be regulated by environmental factors via movements related to winter severity. This might have important implications for the evolutionary trajectories of sub-populations, especially in the context of climate change, and calls for future investigations of local differences in costs and benefits of philopatry at large scales.